小豆种质资源子粒品质性状的遗传变异

对来源于我国主产区小豆种质资源子粒百粒重、种皮色泽、出沙率、淀粉含量及淀粉粒大小等品质性状进行了鉴定评价。小豆子粒百粒重平均为11.63 g，变幅5.28～24.47 g；小豆淀粉粒几何平均值为57.71 μm，变幅46.21～83.46 μm；红小豆粒色红度值（a*）平均为19.71，变幅13.0～26.0；黄度值（b*）平均为9.58，变幅5.2～16.8；亮度值（L*）平均为26.47，变幅18.1～34.0；出沙率平均为68.08%，变幅61.90%～75.98%；总淀粉含量平均为57.06%,变幅44.79%～67.44%；支链淀粉相对含量平均为82.24%，变幅62.61%～98.94%；以上8个子粒品质性状品种间都存在显著差异。小豆子粒百粒重、a*、b*、L*、总淀粉含量和支链淀粉相对含量6个性状的遗传力值较高，淀粉粒几何平均值和出沙率2个性状的遗传力值相对较低；8个品质性状均有较高的选择潜力。筛选出一批优异种质资源可应用于小豆品质育种。

Genetic Variation of Quality Characters of Seed in Adzuki Bean Germplasm Resources

Quality characters of seed including 100-seed weight, seed coat color, production rate of sweetened bean paste, starch content, size of starch granule, etc. were analyzed using adzuki bean germplasm resources from major production regions in China. The 100-seed weight of adzuki bean averaged 11.63 g, and ranged from 61.90% to 75.98%. The geometric value of starch granules of adzuki bean 57.71 μm, and ranged from 46.21 to 83.46 μm. The red value(a*) 19.71, and ranged from 13.0 to 26.0. The yellow value(b*) 9.58, and ranged from 5.2 to 16.8. The brightness value(L*) 26.47, and ranged from 18.1 to 34.0. The production rate of sweetened bean paste 68.08%, and ranged from 61.90% to 75.98%. The total starch content 57.06%, and ranged from 44.79% to 67.44%. The amylopectin relative content 82.24%, and ranged from 62.61% to 98.94%. There were remarkable differences between varieties on each of the eight investigated quality characters. The heritability values of the six characters of 100-seed weight, a*, b*, L*, tatol starch content and amylopectin relative contents were comparatively high. The heritability values of the two characters of geometric average value of starch granules and production rate of sweetened bean paste were relatively low. There were comparatively high potentialities select to all of the eight quality characters. A batch of excellent germplasm resources were obtained by selection, which can be applied to quality breeding in adzuki bean.