北方粳稻产量与品质性状及其相互关系分析

随着稻作科学研究的发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国对粳稻需求持续增加,粳稻面积不断扩大,明确目前不同稻区产量与品质性状现状及其相互关系,对今后北方粳稻育种有重要参考价值。本文利用2011—2013年北方稻区国家水稻新品种试验数据,根据地区和品种(系)特点划分为黄淮粳稻、京津唐粳稻、晚熟中早粳稻、中熟中早粳稻、早熟中早粳稻5种类型,分析了产量水平、产量构成因素、品质现状等类型间差异及其相互关系。结果表明,产量表现为中熟中早粳稻早熟中早粳稻、京津唐粳稻、黄淮粳稻晚熟中早粳稻。5种类型糙米率和整精米率平均值分别为83.66%和66.95%,垩白粒率和垩白度平均值分别为30.26%和3.08%。总体和不同类型产量与糙米率、精米率和整精米率均表现为显著的正相关,结实率与糙米率、精米率和整精米率均表现为显著的正相关,与垩白粒率表现为显著的负相关。籽粒长宽比与产量关系不密切,与糙米率大多显著负相关,而与整精米率的负相关均未达到显著水平。着粒密度与产量的关系也不密切,与穗数基本表现为显著负相关而与每穗粒数均表现为显著正相关,对结实率、千粒重和主要品质性状影响不大。根据上述结果可以认为,我国北方粳稻至少在9 t hm–2以下产量与主要品质性状的矛盾并不突出,可以在保持产量的基础上改进品质,或者在保持品质的基础上提高产量,使产量和品质在更高水平上达成新的平衡。

Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits and the Relationship between Them in Japonica Rice in the Northern China

As the scientific rice research develops and the standard of living improves, the demand for japonica rice has been consistently increasing and the planting area of japonica rice has been enlarged over times. Hence, a further investigation on the differences of yield and quality characters among different planting area and the relationships between yield and quality of japonica rice varieties can provide valuable guidance for rice breeding in northern China. In this study, we analyze the data collected from the regional rice tests of north China in 2011 and 2012. Based on the feature of the regional climates and the characteristics of the lines/varieties tested, we divided the lines/varieties tested we divided into five groups, including Huang-Huai japonica group, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei japonica group, late-maturity mid-early japonica group, medium maturity mid-early japonica group, and early-maturity mid-early japonica group. Then, we analyzed the differences of the yield, yield components, quality traits and their relationships among the five groups. The yield of the mid-early japonica group with medium maturity was the highest; while the yield of the mid-early japonica rice with late-maturity was the lowest in the five groups. The mean rate of brown rice and the mean rate of head rice of the five groups were 83.66% and 66.95%, respectively. The rate of chalky rice and chalkiness degree were 30.26% and 3.08%, respectively. The yield significantly and positively correlated to the rate of brown rice, the rate of milled rice and the rate of head rice. The percentage of seed setting exhibited a significantly positive correlation to the ratio of brown rice, the ratio of milled rice, and the ratio of head rice, but a significantly negative correlation to the rate of chalky rice. Although the ratio of grain aspect showed a negative correlation to the ratio of brown rice and the ratio of head rice, the ratio of grain aspect was not closely related to yield. The density of seed setting had a significant and negative correlation to the number of panicle, but a significant and positive correlation to the number of grains per panicle, so that the density of seed setting was not closely related to yield. There were no significant correlations between the density of seed setting and the rate of seed setting, thousand grain weight, and chalkiness related traits. The results indicated that the yield can be increased at least to 9 t ha^-1 without sacrificing the grain quality in northern China. It is feasible to improve quality based on maintaining high yield, or increase the yield based on maintaining high quality of rice, thus achieving a balance between the yield and quality at a higher level.