春小麦不同品质类型氮的吸收、转化利用及与籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的关系

以不同品质类型春小麦为材料，研究产量和蛋白质形成过程中营养体各器官氮的水平动态以及氮的转化和利用效率。结果表明，植株营养体各器官干物质总的积累趋势为开花期开始增加，达高峰后逐渐下降至成熟；氮的含量变化为开花期最高，随籽粒灌浆逐渐下降，成熟时降至最低。籽粒氮含量变化呈“V”型曲线，籽粒氮素积累呈“S”型

Nitrogen Assimilation, Transfer and Utilization in Relation to Grain Protein Content and Yield of Spring Wheat Genotypes Differing in Quality

The study was carried out in 1994～1996. Three spring wheat cultivars, differing in yield and quality, Roblin, New KH No.9, and NE7742 were used in the study to approach the trends of nitrogen accumulation in vegetative parts of plant and these parts of nitrogen transfer and utilization efficiency in relation to grain protein content and yield. The results indicated that dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs of plant started to increase from anthesis then came down when reaching the peak gradually till mature. The dynamic changing of nitrogen content in vegetative organs showed the highest at the beginning of anthesis then got down by degrees along with grain filling and reached the lowest in mature. The dynamic change in grain nitrogen content showed a V-shape, and S-shape in nitrogen accumulation. The total N assimilation and dry matter accumulation of high yielding and high-protein content cultivars such as NE 7742 at anthesis or later are the highest. Cultivars with high protein content and quality, Roblin and NE7742 still maintain high N assimilation after anthesis and, therefore, the nitrogen assimilative rate took a higher portion in total nitrogen assimilation in plant. In contrast, lower in cultivars with high yield but low protein content and quality. 　　High N translocation efficiency is one of the characters in high-protein cultivars. The quantity of N translocation is affected markedly by the quantity of dry matter. The order of N translocation quantity, efficiency and contribution rate of transfer N to grain of the vegetative organ of plant is blade (including flag leaf)>stem>hull+rachis. N harvest index and protein content are positively correlated.