稻草还田对春玉米生长发育与产量的影响

连续4年进行晚稻稻草异茬还田,以提供春玉米生长所需钾肥的定位试验,结果表明:(1)第1年由于稻草未能完全腐解而影响玉米的生长发育,玉米的生物学产量和经济产量均有所下降;从第2年开始,化肥 稻草处理(NPS)的生物学产量和经济产量均明显高于化肥处理(NPK),4年平均增产7.3%和7.6%。(2)在玉米生长的拔节期前,NPS处理的生长发育往往不如NPK处理,但拔节期之后,NPS处理能明显促进玉米的生长发育,其出叶速度、叶面积指数、株高等指标均明显高于NPK处理,抗旱能力增强,穗长、穗行数、百粒重等产量构成指标亦明显提高,空秆率和秃顶度等显著降低。

Effects of returning rice straw into field on spring maize growth and productivity

The fixed position experiment in field using straw powder in place of chemical potassic fertilizer continuously for 4 years indicated that the biomass yield and grain yield of maize studied were dropped a little in the first year because of negative effect of straw's incomplete decomposition on maize's growth and development;However,from the 2nd year on,the biomass yield and grain yield of the treatment applying straw was obviously higher than that of applying chemical potassic fertilizer,the average biomass and grain yield in continuous 4 years was increased by 7.3% and 7.6% respectively.Straw application stimulated maize's growth and development after maize's jointing stage,increasing its leaf emerging speed,leaf area index and plant height;and enhancing its drought resistance,ear length,rows per ear and 100 grain weight;decreasing the ratio of empty and bald ear length significantly.