Nitrogen transformations and pools in N-saturated mountain spruce forest soils |
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Authors: | Hana Šantrůčková Karolina Tahovská Jiří Kopáček |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;(2) Institute of Hydrobiology, Biological Centre AS CR, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | Nitrogen leaching persists in mountain forests of Europe even in the presence of decreasing N depositions. We have hypothesized
that this leaching is linked to soil N transformations occurring over the whole year, even at 0°C temperatures. The aims were
to estimate (1) the effect of temperature on N transformations and (2) N pools and fluxes. The study sites are situated in
the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic). Litter, humus, and 0–10-cm mineral layers were sampled in early spring, and the effect
of temperature on net nitrification, net ammonification, and microbial N immobilization were measured in a short-term incubation
experiment without substrate addition. Nitrogen pools were calculated from the concentrations of N forms in the soil and soil
pool weights, while daily N fluxes were calculated from daily net rates of processes and soil pool weights. Relationships
between temperature and net nitrification, net ammonification, and microbial N immobilization did not follow the Arrhenius
type equation; all processes were active close to 0°C, indicating that microbial N transformations occur over the whole year.
Microbial N immobilization rate was generally greater than N mineralization rate. The microbial N pool was significantly larger
than mineral N pools. Organic layers containing tens of grams of available N per square meter contributed more than 70% to
the available N in the soil profile. Daily N fluxes were related to N pools. On average, N fluxes represented daily mineral
and microbial N pool changes of 1.14 and 1.95%, respectively. The effect of microbial composition on the C/N ratio of microbial
biomass and respiration is discussed. |
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Keywords: | Temperature Microbial N immobilization Net nitrification Net ammonification N pools |
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