Trichoderma harzianum T-E5 significantly affects cucumber root exudates and fungal community in the cucumber rhizosphere |
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| Institution: | 1. Agricultural Ministry Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China;2. Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China;1. Department of Plant food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada;2. Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India;3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India;4. Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India;1. College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada;3. Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou 730070, China;4. Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China;5. Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystems Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China;6. Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;1. Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria;2. Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;3. AgResearch Limited, 4749 Private Bag, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand;4. Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria;1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;2. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland;3. Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94958, USA |
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| Abstract: | The Fusarium wilt in cucumbers, caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, is a serious and destructive disease worldwide. An effort was made to explore the role of Trichoderma harzianum T-E5 in reducing the incidence of Fusarium wilt. Three treatments (Control, T1, and T2) were established in the greenhouse experiment. The effects of T-E5 on the composition of root exudates and fungal community in the cucumber rhizosphere were measured. Compared with the control, the application of a bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) enriched with T-E5 was found to decrease the incidence of Fusarium wilt notably and promote the growth of cucumber plants. Based on real-time PCR, the population of F. oxysporum in the control without T-E5 increased from 103 to 104 ITS copies g?1 soil, whereas the population decreased from 103 to 102 ITS copies g?1 soil in the T1 and T2 treatment groups when T-E5 was included. Significant difference in fungal community was also found among the treatment groups. HPLC analysis showed that the detected levels of phenolic compounds in control were significantly higher than the levels in the samples subjected to T1 and T2 treatments. The root exudates from the control group significantly increased the numbers of germinating spores of the pathogen compared with those from the samples treated with T1 and T2. In conclusion, the modification of root exudates and the fungal community by the application of BIO might account for the effective suppression of Fusarium wilt disease in cucumbers. |
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| Keywords: | Bio-organic fertilizer Fusarium wilt Root exudates Fungal community |
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