Evaluation of pinewood biochar as a carrier of bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae UW5 for soil inoculation |
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| Institution: | 1. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group, School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;2. Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;3. Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Centre of Mining Environment, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India;2. Department of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;2. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;3. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;4. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;5. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman |
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| Abstract: | The large-scale production of biochar for carbon sequestration provides an opportunity for using these materials as inoculum carriers to deliver plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) into agricultural soils. Here, we evaluated the suitability of a biochar produced from pinewood pyrolyzed at 300 °C as a carrier for a well-studied PGPR strain, Enterobacter cloacae UW5. This strain was genetically modified to produce a green fluorescent protein marker that enabled tracking of the inoculum. Results from selective plate count assays and quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed that cell survival was slightly improved by addition of bacteria to soil using biochar as a carrier for the inoculant, as compared to soil directly inoculated. Total 16S rRNA genes were quantified using qPCR and DNA templates from the same soil treatments to distinguish the impact of biochar on total bacterial abundance from its influence on inoculum survival. Here total bacterial abundance was not influenced by biochar. All treatments resulted in bacterial colonization of roots at population densities of approximately 105 CFU g?1 root mass. Cucumber plants grown in the biochar amended soils had significantly greater biomass and root development than those planted in un-amended soil, regardless of the presence of inoculum. The ability of bacteria to colonize the plant roots and produce a plant growth hormone was not affected by biochar. However, UW5 inoculum did not promote root development in cucumber in any of the soils tested here. Overall, these experiments suggest that the 300 °C pine biochar is effective for evenly distributing inoculum into soil and promotes cucumber development in sandy loams. |
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| Keywords: | Biochar PGPR Carrier Soil inoculation |
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