黑龙江北部土壤中主要重金属和微量元素状况及其评价

以黑龙江省北部地区的嫩江市、五大连池市和克山县土壤中重金属和微量元素为研究对象,评价了该地区土壤中全量锌、铜、铅、镉和有效态锌、铜、锰、铁的分布状况、污染程度和丰缺程度。研究结果表明:土壤重金属含量在克山、五大连池和嫩江地区存在一定的差异,表现出一定的地域变化特点。除了全锌含量低于黑龙江省土壤背景值外,其它3种元素(铜、铅和镉)都高于背景值,按当地标准已达轻度污染程度;根据国家标准,这3个地区土壤中有效锌和和有效铜含量均达适中和丰富水平,有效铁和有效锰达到丰富和很丰富水平。但尚需根据该地区的气候、作物和土壤的具体情况制订适合当地的土壤微量元素评价标准。

Distribution and Evaluation of Main Heavy Metals and Available Microelements in Soils in the Northern Area of Heilongjiang Province

The total and available contents of heavy metals and microelements in soils in the areas of Nenjiang,Wudalianchi and Keshan,Heilongjiang Province,were determined and evaluated.The results showed that the contents of tested heavy metals and microelements in soils changed in different areas.Except the total Zn,the total contents of Cu,Pb and Cd reached the criterion of slight pollution according to the standard made by the local government.The available Zn and Cu in soils in these areas reached the criterions of suitability or enrichment,and the available Fe and Mn were over the criterions of enrichment or excessive enrichment according to the national standard.However,the standard of these microelements suitable to the local conditions needs to be made according to the climate,crop and soil in these areas.