低分子量有机酸对土壤有效磷及重金属释放影响的研究进展

农药化肥的过量施用、重金属矿产开发冶炼、污水灌溉等导致土壤磷素养分降低和重金属污染，对生态环境、粮食安全和人类健康带来一定的风险隐患。土壤低分子量有机酸是一类重要的土壤有机活性物质，在土壤质地、养分循环和重金属毒害等方面起重要作用，但低分子量有机酸对土壤磷素和重金属释放影响的研究尚没有系统归纳。本文结合国内外研究进展，综述了土壤低分子量有机酸的来源、浓度、功能及其影响因素，举例说明了低分子量有机酸种类、浓度等对土壤磷及重金属释放的影响。系统总结了低分子量有机酸对土壤磷活化及重金属释放的机制。低分子量有机酸与其他物质协同提升土壤磷素有效性和降低重金属污染，这些结果为土壤磷素有效性的提升和重金属污染土壤修复提供科学依据和技术支撑。

Research Progress on Effects of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids on Release of Available Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in Soil

Soil phosphorus reduction and heavy metal pollution are caused by excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers, the development and smelting of heavy metal minerals, sewage irrigation could bring a certain risk to the ecological environment, food security and human health. Low molecular weight organic acids in soils are active components of soil organic substances, which play an important role in soil texture, nutrient cycling and heavy metal poisoning. In order to understand the effects of low molecular weight organic acids on soil phosphorus and heavy metals release, the paper summarized the related concepts of low molecular weight organic acids and their sources, concentrations, functions and influencing factors in soil. The effects of types and concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids on the release of soil phosphorus and heavy metals have little known. The mechanism of low molecular weight organic acids on the release of soil phosphorus and heavy metals was discussed systematically. Some suggestions were put forward from three aspects to improve: The selection of low molecular weight organic acids and application amount, the mechanism of root-exuded organic acids on phosphorus and heavy metals release, low molecular weight organic acids cooperating with other substance will increase soil phosphorus availability and reduce heavy metal pollution, which provides a scientific basis and technical support for the improvement of soil phosphorus availability and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.