钾用量与灌溉方式互作对土壤-烤烟系统钾素及烟叶品质的影响

旨在探究钾用量与灌溉方式互作对土壤-烤烟系统钾素变化及烟叶质量的影响问题。采用大田裂区设计,研究了不同灌溉方式与钾用量互作对土壤-烤烟系统钾素及烟叶内在化学成分的影响。同一灌溉方式下,增施钾肥显著提高土壤钾素含量,土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量随钾肥用量的增加而增加;与不施钾相比,施钾显著提高烟叶钾含量,但常规施钾与高量施钾处理间烟叶钾含量差异不显著。相同施钾量下,3种灌溉方式相比,以交替对1/2区域灌水处理土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量最低,烟叶钾含量以固定对1/2区域灌水处理最高,但与交替对1/2区域灌溉处理差异不显著。烟叶采收结束时,9个处理的土壤速效钾含量均随土层深度的增加,呈先降低再增加的趋势,至60~100 cm土层趋于稳定。灌水方式和钾用量互作对烟叶化学成分有一定影响,以常规施钾与固定1/2区域灌水处理组合的烟叶化学成分协调性最佳。在常规施钾量下,固定1/2区域灌水处理不仅改变了钾素在不同土层的分布,而且提高了烟叶钾含量,且减少了灌溉用水,建议可在黄淮烟区进行示范应用。

Effect of Potassium Rate and Irrigation Methods on Potassium Contents in Plant-soil System and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

Changes of potassium (K) in the soil-flue-cured tobacco system and the issue on the quality of tobacco were explored under different K rate and irrigation methods.The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation methods and K rate on K content in the soil-flue-cured tobacco system and the chemical composition of tobacco using split plot design.Under the same irrigation method,soil available K and slowly available K content increased with increasing the application of K fertilizer.The K content in flue-cured tobacco leaves was also increased under the K fertilizer application,but there was no significant difference between conventional K and high K level.Under the same K application rate,1/2 plot alternative irrigation treatment had the lowest soil available K content and slowly available K content among three irrigation methods,but 1/2 plot fixed irrigation treatment had the highest K content in flue-cured tobacco leaves.After harvesting tobacco leaves,soil available K content first decreased,and then increased,and tended to be stable at 60-100 cm soil layer.The chemical composition of tobacco was affected by irrigation and K fertilizer management to some extent,and the coordination of chemical components in all tobacco leaves were the best under the conventional K level and 1/2 plot fixed irrigation treatment.Under the conventional K level,the treatment of 1/2 regional fixed irrigation water changed the distribution of K in different soil layer,and improved the K content in flue-cured tobacco leaves,and saved irrigation water.It was suggested to be applied in tobacco production of Huanghuai Region.