抚顺矿区不同复垦年限土壤的养分及有机碳特性研究

以素有煤都之称抚顺矿区复垦土壤为例,对不同年限不同深度的土壤进行分析,揭示了抚顺煤矿区土壤养分的时空演变规律。结果表明,随着复垦年限的增加,与未曾复垦的矸石相比,矿山复垦土壤pH值逐年降低,pH值的变化范围在9.95~6.58之间,其最大值出现在未曾复垦的矸石,最小值出现在复垦60年的土壤中,其pH值已经达到适合植物生长的范围;全氮、有效磷、碱解氮等呈现逐年增加的趋势,土壤中钾含量较高,可以满足植被生长所需,矿山复垦土壤中由于排弃的矸石中含有一些含碳矿物和少量煤块的原因导致总有机碳含量较高;随着土层深度增加,pH值逐渐升高,全氮、有效磷、碱解氮等逐渐降低。短时间的矿区复垦土壤需要使用相应的肥料保证植物的正常生长。矿山复垦土壤中有机碳随着复垦年限的增加及自然、人为活动影响,碳黑、颗粒状碳趋向于减少,而易氧化碳的数量增加。

Soil Nutrients and Organic Carbon Contents with Different Reclamation Years in the Colliery Areas of Fushun City

Through sampling soils of different years and depth in the reclaimed areas of Fushun coal mine,we analyzed the space-time change of soil nutrients and organic carbon.The statistic analysis revealed that as reclamation years increasing,the soil pH value reduced gradually compared with the no reclaimed soil and the range was between 9.95-6.58,whose maximum value appeared in no reclaims,while the minimum value appeared in the mine soil after 60 year-reclamation.Total nitrogen,available phosphorus and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen increased year by year.In the mine soil,the potassium content was enough for plant growth.The total organic carbon content was rich because some minerals composed of carbon.With depth increasing,the pH value elevated gradually,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen were declined gradually.As the duration of human influence on the soils increasing,concentrations of black carbon,and particulate organic carbon tended to decrease,while active carbon tended to increase.