矿区土壤丛枝菌根真菌对采陷时间序列的响应

煤炭井工开釆造成大面积的地表塌陷，破坏了原有地表植被、土壤结构和地貌，影响土壤微生物群落结构和组成。为了研究井工矿开釆沉陷区丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）多样性与开采时间序列的相关性，本文以补连塔矿区不同开采年份的采煤沉陷区作为样地，以AMF和土壤因子为研究对象，探索随着采煤沉陷时间的延续，AMF物种多样性、种群结构变化规律及其与土壤理化性质的相关性。结果显示，研究区土壤中共有AMF 5属12种，Glomus属种为优势种群，Acaulospora属种为常见种群。不同年份采陷样地中分离到的AMF种类数不同，且属种分布具有差异性。随着采陷时间的增加，AMF多样性没有呈现规律性的变化。但是，开采时间与土壤含水量、pH值、碱解氮呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01），与速效钾呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）；AMF孢子密度与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性显著正相关（P < 0.05），物种丰富度与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01），AMF多样性与土壤含水量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05），与速效钾、碱解氮呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）。因此，开采时间影响部分土壤理化性质，进而影响AMF多样性。本文结果有助于了解采煤沉陷后土壤及相关微生物的变化动态，为矿区植被恢复与土壤修复提供理论依据。

Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil to Mining Subsidence Time Series

Coal mining caused surface subsidence of large areas, destroyed the original land topography, soil and vegetation, so that affected the composition of soil microbial community. In order to investigate the correlation between AMF diversity in the mining subsidence area and mining time series, we explored the changes of diversity and population structure of AMF and its correlation with soil physicochemical properties with mining subsidence time in the Bulianta mining area. Results showed that 12 AMF species belonged to 5 genera were found in the study area. Glomus was the dominant population, and Acaulospora was the common population. The AMF species was different among years, and the distribution of genera and species was differed among different sites. With the increase of mining subsidence time, AMF diversity did not show regular changes. However, there was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between mining age and soil water, pH value, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, and a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) with available potassium. A positive correlation (P < 0.05) between AMF spore density and soil alkaline phosphatase activities, and a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between species richness and soil water content were also observed. AMF diversity was significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with soil water content, and positively correlated (P < 0.05) with available potassium and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen. The mining time affected soil physicochemical properties, and further affected the AMF diversity. Along with the mining time series and continuous reclamation, soil fertility was improved, and species diversity of AMF was recovered.