我国水稻、小麦、玉米基肥和追肥用量及比例分析

提高肥料利用率的一个很关键的措施就是同步作物的养分需求与土壤、肥料的养分供应。本文依据农户调查数据和统计资料,详细分析了我国水稻、小麦和玉米氮磷钾基肥和追肥用量及比例,并利用施肥比面这个指标筛选分析了三大粮食作物上六个主要化肥品种作基肥和追肥的用量和比例。最后针对我国基追比现状本文提出了应综合考虑不同地区影响基追比的因素,在高肥力地区采用降低基肥的用量,加大追肥用量的氮肥后移的施肥方式;在肥料品种方面对于氮肥来说仍要保持单质氮肥的生产和应用,对于磷钾来说,应针对不同的肥料品种加大肥料复合化和专用化。

Analysis about Amount and Ratio of Basal Fertilizer and Topdressing Fertilizer on Rice,Wheat,Maize in China

To keep synchrony between of nutrient demand and supply of soil and fertilizer is a key measure to improve fertilizer use efficiency of food crop.Based on statistic date and farmer survey data,amount and ratio of base and topdressing of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on rice,wheat,maize in China were detailedly analysed.Amount and ratio of base and topdressing of six important fertilizer varieties filtered by percent of fertilization area and planting area were also discussed.Finally,some conclusions were put forward in this paper.It was proper to apply ratio of basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer according to local conditions,to reduce amount of basal fertilizer and to increase amount of topdressing fertilizer should be carried out in high fertility regions.As far as concerned nitrogen fertilizer,individual nutrient fertilizer varieties must be retained for phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer,compound and special techniques were used for meeting the different varieties of fertilizer.