唐皇城含光门土遗址盐分病害分析与研究

唐皇城含光门土遗址中微溶-可溶盐导致地泛白、酥粉、片状脱落等病害极为严重。通过对土壤含水率、酸碱度(pH)、电导率测定以及微溶-可溶盐的X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、能谱(EDX)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析,结果表明:唐皇城含光门东展厅土遗址微溶-可溶盐主要以硫酸钙类和硫酸钠类为主;西展厅五期断面土遗址主要以硫酸钙类、碳酸钙类为主。不同部位含盐量与水分的运移密切相关,随着距离水平地面高度的增加,含水率的的降低,微溶-可溶盐的含量降低。通过扫描电子显微镜观察发现,硫酸钙类是导致土遗址酥粉、脱落病害的主要原因。

Study and Analysis on Salt Damages of Earthen Archaeological Sites in Tang Hanguangmen Entrance Remains Museum

Based on the overall survey and the collected data of soil damages of earthen archaeological sites in Tang Hanguangmen Entrance Remains museum,the extremely serious diseases,such as white,crisp powder and flake-off,etc.,were caused by slightly soluble and soluble salt.Through analysis on soil water content,pH,conductivity,salt X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),energy spectrum(EDX),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) of samples,the results showed that the slightly soluble and soluble salt in earthen soil of eastern exhibition hall consisted mainly of calcium and sodium sulfate classes,and that in western exhibition hall consisted mainly of calcium sulfate class and calcium carbonate class.Soil salt contents in different parts of stage Ⅴ section in western exhibition hall were closely related to the migration of water.The soil water and salt contents dropped with height over the level ground.By SEM,it was also found that calcium sulfate class led to the main damages,such as crisp-powder and flake-off.