不同土壤调理剂对土壤性质和烟叶产量、质量的影响

为明确不同土壤调理剂对烟株生长发育和土壤性质的影响，在襄县和方城设置壳寡糖（chitosan oligosaccharide, 简称COS）、聚丙烯酰胺（polyacrylamide，简称PAM）、纳米几丁质（Nano-chitin，简称NCT）、聚乙烯醇（poval，简称POV）4种不同土壤调理剂处理进行田间试验，研究对土壤性质、烟株生长、烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明:土壤调理剂对土壤性质和烟株生长具有积极影响。施用不同土壤调理剂后，土壤容重下降，土壤含水率高。在成熟期，与对照CK相比，COS和PAM处理土壤速效钾分别显著提高21.81%和19.38%，COS处理烟株株高、茎围和叶片数以及根、茎、叶干物质积累数量显著增加，COS、PAM、NCT、POV处理烤后烟叶总氮和烟碱含量分别下降11.69% ~ 14.03%和12.26% ~ 33.70%，总糖和还原糖含量分别升高15.40% ~ 22.92%和11.43% ~ 27.68%，化学成分协调性增强，烟叶产量、产值和上等烟比例分别增加11.49% ~ 27.99%、16.44% ~ 37.07%和5.28% ~ 22.80%；在采收后，施用土壤调理剂COS、PAM、NCT、POV，土壤碱解氮含量有下降趋势，但土壤速效钾含量的变化规律不明显；不同处理间综合表现以COS和NCT最佳。施用COS和NCT是改善连作烟田土壤性质和烟叶产质量的有效措施。

Effects of Different Soil Conditioners on Soil Properties and Flue-Cured Tobacco Yield and Quality

In order to specify the effects of soil conditioners on soil properties and flue-cured tobacco growth, four soil conditioners, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), polyacrylamide (PAM), nano-chitin (NCT) and poval (POV) were used to investigate their effects on soil properties, tobacco growth and chemical components in tobacco leaf in Xiangxian and Fangcheng counties. The results showed that the applications of soil conditioners significantly affected soil proprieties and growth of tobacco. Soil water was increased with reducing soil bulk density. Compared to the CK treatment, soil available K contents of COS and PAM treatments were significantly increased by 21.81% and 19.38% at the maturity stage, respectively. The plant height, width, leave numbers, dry matter accumulation (root, stem, leaves) in COS treatment were significantly increased. Nevertheless, the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine in leaves were decreased by 11.69%-14.03% and 12.26%-33.70%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of total sugar and soluble sugar in leaves were increased by 15.40%-22.92%, 11.43%-27.68%, respectively, while yield, production value and superior tobacco rate was also increased by 11.49%-27.99%, 16.44%-37.07%, 5.28%-22.80%, respectively. Compared to the CK treatment, soil available nitrogen contents of COS and PAM and NCT and POV treatments were decreased but soil available K content did not show regular pattern after harvesting stage, respectively. The effects of conditioners in COS and NCT treatments were better than other treatments. This study indicated that the applications of COS and NCT were more effective to improve soil properties, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in a continuous cropping tobacco system.