有机无机肥与生物炭配施对烤烟生长发育和烟叶质量的影响

为探究一种更利于提高山东烤烟种植区烟叶质量的施肥方式，采用盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法，对有机无机肥配施下增施不同量生物炭（3 t hm?2，OFB1；5 t hm?2，OFB2）的施肥方式和有机无机肥配施的施肥方式（OF）对烤烟生长发育和烤后烟叶质量的影响进行了比较。结果表明，OFB1和OFB2处理较OF处理更能促进烟株株高、茎围和叶面积的建成；提高烟株生物量，特别是叶干重，增加幅度为0.7% ~ 11.06%；增加中部烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量分别为1.47 ~ 6.91个、1.02 ~ 4.33个和0.1 ~ 0.53个百分点，增加上部叶烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量分别为0.42 ~ 6.55个、1.47 ~ 5.03个和0.07 ~ 0.31个百分点；显著增加中部烤后烟糖碱比和钾氯比分别为0.15 ~ 1.81和0.3 ~ 1.06，显著增加上部烤后烟糖碱比和钾氯比分别为0.41 ~ 1.55和0.82 ~ 1.49；显著增加中上部烤后烟上等烟比例，增加幅度分别为2.12% ~ 15.58%和4.83% ~ 11.79%；增加中上部烤后烟叶均价分别为0.30 ~ 1.90和0.50 ~ 0.73元 kg?1。综合分析不同施肥方式对烤烟生长发育、烤后烟质量和经济性状的影响，初步认为在有机无机肥配施下增施3 t hm?2和5 t hm?2生物炭更有利于进一步提高山东植烟区烟叶质量。

Effect of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers and Biochar on the Growth and Development of Flue-Cured Tobacco and Leaf Quality

In order to explore a fertilization method that should be more conducive to improving the quality of tobacco leaves in Shandong flue-cured tobacco growing areas. In 2018, a combination of potted and field trials was used in the main tobacco areas of Shandong to compare the effects of the combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers and those with different amounts of biochar on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and the quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the OFB1 and OFB2 treatments were better than the OF treatment on promoting the establishments of tobacco plant height, stem circumference and leaf area, increasing tobacco plant biomass by 0.7%-11.06%, especially in the leaf dry weight, and increasing total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium content of the central tobacco leaves by 1.47%-6.91%, 1.02%-4.33%, and 0.1%-0.53%, respectively. Also, they increased total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves by 0.42%-6.55% and 1.47%-0.53%, and 0.07%-0.31%, respectively, significantly increased the ratios of sugar to nicotine and potassium-chlorine of the central tobacco leaves by 0.15-1.81 and 0.3-1.06, respectively, and significantly increased the ratios of sugar to nicotine and potassium-chlorine of the upper tobacco leaves by 0.41-1.55 and 0.82-1.49, respectively. Moreover, they significantly increased the proportion of high-class tobacco leaves in the middle and upper parts of flue-cured tobacco by 2.12%-15.58% and 4.83%-11.79%, respectively, increasing the average price of the corresponding tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco by 0.30-1.90 and 0.50-0.73 yuan kg?1, respectively. Comprehensive analysis of the effects of different fertilization methods on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, the quality and economic characteristics of tobacco leaves, it was preliminarily believed that the method of additional application of 3-5 t hm?2 biochar under the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers was more conducive to further improving the quality of tobacco leaves in Shandong tobacco-growing areas.