稻麦轮作系统无机氮肥高效利用研究进展

农业生产中无机氮肥的不合理施用导致氮素利用率低，大量氮素通过气体挥发、径流和淋溶损失到环境中。在前人研究基础上，总结了稻麦轮作系统中无机氮肥的使用和损失情况，比较了水稻和小麦生产中无机氮肥的损失量和主要成分，分析了稻麦轮作生产中影响无机氮肥高效利用的影响因素，同时，提出了提高稻麦生产中无机氮肥利用率的相关措施，即种植氮高效品种、有机肥与无机肥配施、氮肥运筹和改善田间栽培管理。最后，从氮高效品种的选育和应用、土壤残留氮的影响和优化肥料施用技术三个方面进行展望并提出相关建议，以期能够有效、快速解决稻麦轮作生产中无机氮肥的高效利用。

Research Progress on Efficient Utilization of Inorganic Nitrogen in Rice and Wheat Rotation System

The unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer leads to low nitrogen utilization rate in agricultural production, lead to serious losses by gas volatilization, runoff and leaching. On the basis of previous studies, this paper summarized the use and loss of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in rice-wheat rotation system, compared the loss and main components of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer respectively in wheat and rice production, analyzed the factors which effected the efficient utilization of inorganic nitrogen. While some measures were suggested to improve the utilization rate of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in rice-wheat production, as planting nitrogen efficient varieties, combining organic and inorganic fertilizer application, nitrogen fertilizer management and improvement of field cultivation management. Finally, some suggestions were put forward from three aspects: the breeding and application of nitrogen efficient varieties, the influence of soil residual nitrogen and the optimization of fertilizer application technology in order to promote the high efficiency of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in rice-wheat rotation production.