山东省肥料施用与养分平衡状况研究

对山东省1952年以来肥料的施用情况和养分平衡状况进行了分析,结果表明:山东省自1952年以来,化学肥料用量逐步增加,有机肥用量逐渐减少;2002年有机肥用量仅占肥料施用总量的35.50%,其中有机氮肥、磷肥和钾肥分别占氮、磷、钾肥用量的26.09%、34.55%和57.60%,而化学肥料用量占肥料施用总量的64.50%,其中无机氮、磷、肥占氮、磷、钾肥的比例分别为73.91%、65.45%和42.68%,化学肥料用量明显高于有机肥;而且全省137个县市之间养分分配极不平衡,单位耕地面积化肥用量相差数千倍。进一步对全省氮、磷、钾投入产出状况进行分析发现,氮素从1982年开始盈余,每年盈余的氮素在30万吨左右;磷素从1972年开始盈余,2002年盈余高达134.64万吨;自1952年以来,钾素一直处于亏缺状态,目前每年亏缺60万吨左右。

Fertilizer Application and Nutrients Balance in Shandong Province

Fertilizer application and nutrients balance from 1952 to 2002 in Shandong province were discussed in this paper,the results showed that chemical fertilizer consumption was increasing and organic fertilizer were decreasing since 1952.35.50% of total fertilizer were organic fertilizer in 2002,the proportion of organic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 26.09%,34.55% and 57.60%,respectively.However,chemical fertilizer increased to 64.50% in 2002,and chemical nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 73.91%,65.45% and 42.68%,respectively,the quantity of chemical fertilizer were higher than organic fertilizer.Furthermore,nutrients distribution was imbalanced seriously in different area within 137 counties,the highest unit field chemical fertilizer application were thousands of times of the lowest one.The balance sheet showed that nitrogen was excess 300 thousands tones every year since 1982,and phosphorus was excess since 1972,and up to 1346.4 thousands tones in 2002,yet,potassium was deficient since 1952 and kept 600 thousands tones short every year.