长期施肥对棕壤主要酶活性的影响

研究目的是揭示长期施肥对棕壤主要酶活性的影响,为土壤培肥以及合理施肥提供理论依据。研究试材采自沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院棕壤肥料长期定位试验微区,共11个施肥处理。结果表明,土壤转化酶、中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶在玉米拔节期及灌浆期出现两个活性高峰,脲酶在玉米拔节期、过氧化氢酶在玉米大喇叭口期各出现一个活性高峰。长期施用有机肥能够提高土壤过氧化氢酶、转化酶及脲酶活性,降低土壤磷酸酶活性,磷肥能够增强土壤过氧化氢酶及转化酶的活性,氮肥则对过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶具有抑制作用。土壤各种酶之间及酶与土壤养分、玉米产量之间存在显著或极显著相关性。因此合理施肥营造良好的土壤生物化学环境将有利于土壤肥力的保持与提高,为作物的高产稳产提供有利保障。

Effects of Long-term Application of Fertilizers on Some Enzymatic Activities in Brunisolic Soil

The objective of this research was to find out the effects of long-term application of fertilizers on the main soil enzymes activities in a Brunisolic soil to provide the theoretic basis for soil fertilization.The long-term fertilization experiment was set up from 1979 in the experimental field of the Collage of Land and Environmental Science,Shengyang Agriculture University.The soil is classified as a Brunisolic Soil.Eleven treatments of fertilization were chosen for the study.The results showed that: during the growth period of corn,soil invertase,neutral phosphatade,alkaline phosphatase had two peaks of concentration,while match the two stages of jointing and filling period.However,single peak of urease concentration was in the jointing stage,whereas that of hydrogen peroxidase was in the bell-mouthed period.Manure could increase hydrogen peroxidase,invertase and urease activies,but decrease phosphatases activity.Phosphorous fertilizer could increase hydrogen peroxidase and invertase activities,while nitrogen fertilizer could have inhibiting effects on hydrogen peroxidase,invertase and urease.Significant correlation was found among the soil enzymes activities or between activities of the enzymes,contents of the soil nutrients,and corn yields.In a word,fertilizing properly can build a suitable biochemical environment in soil,and then improve soil fertility and crop yield.