上海市老港垃圾填埋场潮滩重金属污染及评价研究

以上海市老港垃圾填埋场潮滩为例,研究了沉积物中重金属的分布特征,并采用化学法和潜在生态危害指数法评价了潮滩重金属的污染状况及其潜在生态危害,以期为保护潮滩环境以及利用潮滩进行垃圾渗滤液的净化提供科学依据。结果表明,受垃圾渗滤液排放和生物活动影响,老港潮滩表层沉积物中重金属(除Cu外)的含量在向海向上均表现为:高潮滩>低潮滩>中潮滩;Cr和Zn的含量在氧化池排污口处明显高于其它排污口,而Pb的含量在自然排污口处最高;老港潮滩沉积物受到一定程度的重金属污染,以Zn的污染最为严重,由这4种元素造成的潜在生态危害是中等的,其中,Cu和Pb的毒性贡献最大。

Pollution and Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Tidal Flat Sediment near Laogang Garbage Landfill of Shanghai

Taking the tideland near the Laogang Garbage Landfill of Shanghai as an example,the distribution character of the heavy metals in the sediment was studied,and the heavy metal pollution as well as their potential ecological risk were assessed.It was expected to provide some important scientific proofs for both the tideland environmental protection and the leachate treatment using tideland.The results showed that the content of heavy metals in the surface sediment decreased as follows: high-tideland>low-tideland>mid-tideland as influenced by the discharge of leachate and biological activities.The contents of Cr and Zn in the sediment near the outfalls of the oxidation tanks were higher than those of the two others,while the content of Pb was the highest near natural leachate outfalls.The sediment of Laogang tideland was polluted by the heavy metals to some extent,among which the Zn pollution was the most serious.The potential ecological risk of the sediment caused by the four heavy metals was middle,in which Cu and Pb made the main contributions.