松嫩平原大安古河道强度盐渍土种稻脱盐试验

松嫩平原中、西部地区土壤盐渍化非常严重,盐渍土改良对于土地资源利用和生态环境改善具有重大意义。在大安古河道苏打草甸盐化土、碱化盐土和草甸碱土复区选择试验田,通过种植水稻,借助周期性的灌水、排水过程,溶洗土壤中的盐分,达到改良盐渍土的目的。经过连续4年的试验,土壤平均含盐量由试验前的0.45%降至第4个试验年的0.15%。从第1试验年到第4试验年,水稻产量由绝收逐渐增至4250 kg hm-2。试验结果表明,充分利用地表水资源,通过种稻改良强度盐渍土是可行的,同时也可为松嫩平原中、西部更大范围利用强度盐渍土壤资源、恢复生态环境提供科学指导。

Desalting Experiment of Intensely Salt-affected Soil by Planting Rice in the Da'an Paleochannel of the Songnen Plain

Soil salinization is very serious in the center and west of the Songnen Plain,thus soil improvement is very important for utilizing the land resources and improving the ecosystem there.Taking intensely saline soil as research site object in the area consisting of soda meadow saline soil,alkalized solonchak and meadow alkali soil in the Da'an Paleochannel,the aim to wash salt away from soil by planting rice with the process of irrigating and draining.Through sequential experiment of four years,the average level of soil salineness changed from 0.45% in 1966 to 0.07% in 2000,and the yield of rice increased from zero in 1997 to 4250 kg hm-2 in 2000.The experimental results indicated that it is feasible to improve the intensely saline soil by planting rice by fully utilizing the water resources.The study provided a scientific direction for utilizing intensely saline soil resources and restoring the ecoenvironment in the other area of the center and west of the Songnen Plain.