不同品种水稻的产量构成因素及其对氮磷吸收的差异研究

为筛选出适合江苏地区种植的高产、高效水稻品种,采用盆栽试验,测定了江苏地区常见的11个水稻品种的株高、产量、结实率、总干物质量以及不同部位N、P含量,分析了水稻产量与其构成因素、氮磷积累量、氮磷收获指数间的相关关系。结果表明,水稻平均产量为16.85 g pot~(-1),变化幅度为8.28~25.18 g pot~(-1),品种间产量差异显著(P0.05),其中泰瑞丰5产量最高。水稻各部位氮素含量从大到小依次为:籽粒叶≈根茎谷壳,其中苏秀9籽粒中氮含量显著高于其他品种。磷素在水稻各部位中的含量分布为:籽粒根≈茎叶≈谷壳,籽粒中的磷含量最多的是南粳5055。相关分析表明,水稻的产量与总干物质量、穗粒数、氮磷积累量及氮磷收获指数均存在显著的相关性。不同品种水稻的产量、籽粒氮磷含量存在显著差异,这为高产、高效水稻品种的筛选提供了重要的科学依据。

Yield Components and Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Different Rice Cultivars

In order to screen out rice cultivars with high yield and high efficiency in Jiangsu Province,a pot experiment was carried to determine plant height,yield,seed setting rate,dry matter weight,and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in 11 rice cultivars and analyze their relationships.Results showed that the rice yield ranged from 8.28 to 25.18 g pot-1,with an average of 16.85 g pot-1,and was the highest in the cultivar of Tairuifeng 5.The difference in yield among rice cultivars was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The N concentrations in various parts of rice followed the order:grain ＞ leaf ≈ root ＞ stem ＞ husk.The N concentration of grain in Suxiu 9 was significantly higher than that in other cultivars.The P concentrations in various parts of rice followed the order:grain ＞ root ≈ stem ＞ leaf ≈ husk,and the highest P concentration of grain occurred in the cultivar of Nanjing 5055.There were significant correlations between yield and total dry matter weight,N and P accumulation and harvest indices.The significant differences in yield,and grain N and P concentrations among rice cultivars would provide important scientific basis for screening out rice varieties with high yield and high efficiency.