中药材龙胆GAP基地土壤酶活性的研究

分别采用硫代硫酸钠滴定法、高锰酸钾滴定法、TTC-脱氢酶活性测定法和磷酸苯二钠比色法测定龙胆GAP基地土壤中转化酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶和磷酸酶的活性。对不同月份、种植不同年生龙胆根际土及非根际土中酶活性的测定结果进行分析表明:土壤过氧化氢酶活性在6月份出现一较高值,脱氢酶活性较高时期在7月份,土壤转化酶活性较大值出现在7、8月份,磷酸酶活性则逐月增高至9月份达到最大值,土壤总体酶活指标极大值出现在8月份;随着龙胆种植年限的增加,土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性有所提高,而磷酸酶和转化酶活性没有明显变化,种植不同年生龙胆土壤中酶的活性随季节波动不尽相同。比较GAP基地龙胆根际土与非根际土中酶活性,土壤转化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性均表现为根际土非根际土,而土壤磷酸酶和脱氢酶的活性则为非根际土根际土;相关分析结果显示,过氧化氢酶活性与酸性及中性磷酸酶活性显著负相关;酸性、中性及碱性三种磷酸酶活性之间存在极显著正相关;总体酶活指标与转化酶、酸性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶活性呈显著正相关。本研究完善了中药材龙胆GAP种植基地土壤酶的信息,为综合评价基地土壤肥力提供了科学数据,为药用植物龙胆的合理施肥、品质的提高提供了科学依据。

Study on Soil Enzyme Activities in GAP Base of Chinese Medicinal Plant of Gentiana Scabra Bge.

The methods of sodium thiosulfate titration,permanganate titration,TTC-dehydrogenase determination and phenyl phosphate disodium salt colorimetry,respectively,were used to determine the activities of soil invertase,catalase,dehydrogenase and phosphatases in Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) base of Gentiana scabra Bge.The enzyme activities were studied in rhizosphere and bulk soil during different growing periods of gentian.Results showed that the higher activities of soil catalase and dehydrogenase,respectively,appeared in June and July.The activities of soil invertase were higher in July or August.The activities of phosphatases increased with time and reached the maximum value in September.The maximum value of total enzyme activity index appeared in August.The activities of soil catalase and dehydrogenase improved,and those of phosphatases and invertase had no obvious changes with the cultivation years.In sum,soil enzyme activity showed different seasonal variation with different cultivation years.The activities of invertase and catalase were lower and those of dehydrogenase and phosphatases were higher in bulk soil compared with in rhizosphere soil.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between catalase and acid or neutral phosphatase activities,and positive correlation between the activities of acidic,neutral and alkaline phosphatase.Also the significant positive correlation was found between the total enzyme activity index and the activities of acid phosphatase,neutral phosphatase or invertase.This research completed the information of soil enzyme activities in the gentian GAP base,and provided scientific basis for comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility and reasonable application of fertilizer to improve quality of gentian.