市域尺度的稀有濒危土壤类型的界定与评价——以郑州市为例

在当今世界城市化高速发展的背景下,土壤资源的保护也越来越受到人们的关注,土壤多样性骤减也成为了全球关注的焦点,界定和评价稀有濒危土壤对于保护土壤资源及其多样性具有非常重要的指导意义。本文以郑州市为例,应用土壤类型密度和土壤多样性两种多样性测度方法分别对郑州市1 km×1 km和5 km×5 km网格尺度下基于不同分类级别的土壤空间多样性分布格局进行了分析和定量化研究;利用1988、2001、2007和2013年4期遥感资料进行土地利用分类,结合基于第二次土壤普查的1∶20万郑州市土壤图,采用多时相连续对比法对郑州市近25年来土地利用变化对土壤的扰动情况进行了分析;结合土壤多样性方法和传统评价方法界定和评价了稀有濒危土壤。结果表明,郑州市土壤整体分布较为均匀,且随着分类单元级别的降低,构成组分多样性指数升高,即分类越细,土壤类型分布越均匀;1988~2013年郑州市土壤受到非农建设扰动剧烈,干扰比例为16.01%,随着时间的推移,土壤受扰动的速度是呈上升趋势的;稀有土属有16种,濒危土属有2种,稀有濒危土属有4种。截止2013年濒危土属整体受到扰动比例高达35.38%,而稀有土属受到扰动比例为8.76%。

Definition and Evaluation of the Rare and Endangered Soil Types at the Scale of City Region: a Case Study of Zhengzhou

More attention should be paid in the protection of soil resources by keeping pedodiversity patterns in good order as a new focus under the background of the rapid urbanization development worldwide.It is important to realize the definition and evaluation of the rare and endangered soils in this effort.Taking Zhengzhou as the research object,the distribution patterns of soil spatial diversity in 1 km × 1 km and 5 km × 5 km grid scale in Zhengzhou were analyzed and quantified based on different classification levels by using soil taxon density and soil spatial diversity of two diversity measure methods.Land use classification was worked out based on remote sensing images at four different periods (1988,2001,2007 and 2013) before the disturbance of land use change on soil in Zhengzhou in recent 25 years was analyzed by using multi temporal continuous contrast method combined with the 1 ∶ 20 million soil map of Zhengzhou.Finally,combining traditional methods and pedodiversity method,the definition and evaluation of rare and endangered soil were defined and evaluated.Results showed that the overall soil distribution in Zhengzhou was relatively uniform,and with the decrease of classification unit level,the composition diversity index increased.About 16.01％ of the soils in Zhengzhou were disturbed by the non-agricultural construction change from 1988 to 2013,and the speed of the soil disturbance was increasing over time.There were 16 rare soils,2 endangered soils,and 4 rare and endangered soils at genus level.About 35.38％ of the endangered soils were disturbed,while 8.76％ of rare soils were disturbed.