东北典型黑土区土壤理化性质的变化特征

东北黑土区是我国最为重要的粮食生产基地,摸清第二次土壤普查以来主要黑土土种理化性质的变化特征可为保护黑土资源提供有力的科学依据。本文基于第二次土壤普查的典型黑土剖面资料,重新调查了典型黑土区内的23个黑土土种,结果表明:近20年来主要黑土土种上的粮食单产增加约81%;在化工肥料和侵蚀的共同作用下,黑土的有机质含量和全氮含量变化不大,但全磷含量显著增加,全钾含量显著降低,表层土壤酸化明显。建议今后适当增加钾肥施用量而减少磷肥施用量。

The Variations of Soil Physico-chemical Properties since the Second National Soil Survey in the Northeast Typical Black Soil Regions

The Northeastern black soil region is an important grain production base in China.It is very important to verify the variation of soil properties in black soil species since the second national soil survey(SNSS).Based on the typical profiles database of the second national soil survey,23 black soil species were field survey again in 2007,the resulted showed that the crop yields of mainly black soil species were increased about 81% in the past 20 years.Under the combined effect of soil erosion and fertilization,there changes in the organic matter and total nitrogen in surface soil were little,whereas the total phosphorus increased significantly and the total potassium decreased significantly,and the soil pH was lower observably.It is suggested that the amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased but the phosphorus fertilizer should be decreased in the study areas.