新型有机肥的氮素在土壤中的转化及其对草莓生长和品质的影响

土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的含量直接影响着作物的生长和品质。通过田间试验研究了不同有机肥料氮素在土壤中的转化及其对草莓生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明,施用有机肥可以提高草莓苗期土壤硝态氮的比例,硝铵比值大于尿素处理,同时有机肥处理硝铵比值从苗期至盛花期呈下降趋势,但尿素处理则表现为上升的趋势,而花序现蕾期土壤硝铵比的降低,有利于植株花蕾的形成,因此土壤硝铵比值的变化趋势一定程度上决定着草莓的产量和品质。在等量施用氮素养分的条件下,施用有机肥料均较尿素更能促进草莓生长发育和增加草莓产量。施用有机肥对草莓品质的改善作用也优于尿素,果实中糖/酸比值较无肥区提高23.7%-28.7%,较尿素区提高16.5%-21.2%。

Effects of Organic Manure on Soil N Supplying and Strawberry Quality

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the nitrogen transform of different organic manures in soil,and its effects on the growth and quality of strawberry.The results obtained are as follows.The proportion of NO_3~——N to NH_4~+-N was higher in the soil applied with organic manure than that with the inorganic fertilizer in early seedling stage of strawberry,then the NO_3~-/ NH_4~+ratio in the soil employed with organic manure declined gradually,but the ratio with inorganic fertilizer treatment increased.The lower ratio in bud stage of strawberry was beneficial to the formation of bud,thus the change trend of NO_3~-/NH_4~+ ratio in the soil affected the growth and quality of strawberry.The application of organic manures could further promote the growth and development of strawberry,and remarkably increased the yield of fruit as compared with inorganic fertilizer.Compared to no fertilizer-treated and urea-treated plots,the ratio of sugar to acid in fruit in the organic manure-treated plots increased by about 23.7%-28.7% and 16.5%-21.2%,respectively.