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一次性施肥对稻田蟹及水稻产量的影响
引用本文:孙文涛,孙富余,宫亮,徐冰,刘艳.一次性施肥对稻田蟹及水稻产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2012(2):429-434.
作者姓名:孙文涛  孙富余  宫亮  徐冰  刘艳
作者单位:辽宁省农业科学院;瓦房店市农业技术推广中心
基金项目:辽宁省科技厅攻关计划(2007203001、2008201003、2009201003))资助
摘    要:在稻蟹种养模式下,采用田间微区法系统地研究了一次性施肥技术条件下,不同有机无机氮肥配比对耕层土壤和田面水中的NH4+和NO3-含量变化以及对河蟹和水稻产量、效益的影响。结果表明:施肥能明显增加水稻土壤、水面中的NH4+和NO3-含量,施肥后3~7 d左右达到最高值,随后迅速下降并趋于稳定。水田氮素形态以NH4+为主、NO3-次之;与常规施肥(FP)和测土推荐施肥(OPT)相比,A1配方肥一次性施用对河蟹的生长及产量均有较好的效果,同时水稻产量也较高,达到10620.5 kg hm-2,接近于OPT处理;河蟹成活率达66.7%,明显好于其他处理;亩效益分别比FP和OPT处理增加了165.4元和120.7元。而OPT处理只在水稻产量反应较好,对河蟹生长有一定的影响。说明,合理的有机无机肥配比能够实现稻蟹双丰收的目标。

关 键 词:一次性施肥  不同有机无机肥配比  稻田养蟹  河蟹  水稻

Effect of Single Basal Application of Fertilizers on the Yield of Rice and Crab in Rice-Crab Symbiosis System
SUN Wen-tao,SUN Fu-yu,GONG Liang,XU Bing,LIU Yan.Effect of Single Basal Application of Fertilizers on the Yield of Rice and Crab in Rice-Crab Symbiosis System[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012(2):429-434.
Authors:SUN Wen-tao  SUN Fu-yu  GONG Liang  XU Bing  LIU Yan
Institution:1 (1.Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China; 2.Wafangdian agricultural technology and popularization center,Wafangdian 116300,China.)
Abstract:The effects of different ratios of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on the NH4+ and NO3-contents in soil and water and the yield of rice and crab,as well as the economic benefit were investigated using single basal application of fertilization technique in rice-crab symbiosis system.The results showed that application of N fertilizer could significantly increase NH4+ and NO3-contents in soil and water.NH4+ and NO3-contents had reached the highest level from the third day to the seventh day after fertilization,and then decreased sharply to a stable level.As far as the forming of nitrogen element was concerned,NH4+ occupied the first position followed by NO3-.Comparing to conventional famer practice(FP) and optimum fertilization(OPT),treatment A1(balanced fertilization) exerted an effective influence on the growth and yield of crab,and the rice yield reached 10620.5 kg hm-2 which closed to treatment OPT.Also,the survival rate of crabs was as high as 66.7%,which was evidently higher than the other treatments.The economic benefit analysis showed that the incomes of treatment A1 were separately 165.4 Yuan/ha2 and 120.7 Yuan hm-2 higher than FP and OPT treatment.As for OPT treatment,it seemed more suitable for rice instead of crabs.This experiment indicated that a rational application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer could be beneficial to both rice and crab in rice-crab symbiosis system.
Keywords:Single basal application of fertilizers  Different ratios of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer  Rice-crab symbiosis system  Crabs  Rice
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