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强还原土壤灭菌防控作物土传病的应用研究
引用本文:蔡祖聪,张金波,黄新琦,朱同彬,温 腾.强还原土壤灭菌防控作物土传病的应用研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):469-476.
作者姓名:蔡祖聪  张金波  黄新琦  朱同彬  温 腾
作者单位:南京师范大学地科院
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41301335)
摘    要:随着集约化种植程度的不断提高,土传病原菌侵染、土壤酸化、次生盐渍化、养分平衡失调等引起的作物连作障碍发生率不断攀升,严重威胁着集约化农业的可持续发展。强还原土壤灭菌(Reductive Soil Disinfestation,RSD)法是一种作物种植前的土壤处理方法,即:在发生土传病害的土壤上,添加大量的易分解有机物料、灌溉、薄膜覆盖或淹水阻隔与大气的气体交换,快速创造土壤强还原环境,短期内杀灭土传病原菌的方法。强还原杀灭土传病原菌的作用机理包括:1)厌气杀灭好氧病原菌;2)还原过程产生有毒有害的物质杀灭土传病原菌;3)强还原改变土壤微生物群落结构,抑制土传病原菌活性。强还原土壤灭菌法还具有提高土壤p H,减轻次生盐渍化的作用,具有广谱性和环境友好性。本文介绍了该方法的起源、作用机理、影响该方法效果的因素及其应用前景。

关 键 词:强还原土壤灭菌,连作障碍,有机废弃物再利用,作用机理
收稿时间:2014/11/4 0:00:00
修稿时间:1/4/2015 12:00:00 AM

Application of reductive soil disinfestation to suppress soil-borne pathogens
Cai Zucong,ZhangJinbo,Huang Xinqi,Zhu Tongbin and Weng Teng.Application of reductive soil disinfestation to suppress soil-borne pathogens[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(3):469-476.
Authors:Cai Zucong  ZhangJinbo  Huang Xinqi  Zhu Tongbin and Weng Teng
Institution:Nanjing Normal University
Abstract:With the extension of intensive cultivation, the successive cropping obstacle caused by soil-borne pathogens, soil acidification, secondary salinization, and unbalanced supplies of nutrients occurs more frequently, which threatens seriously the sustainability of intensive agriculture. The reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) refers to the method of pre-planting soil treatment of application of decomposable organic materials at very large rate to the soils infested with soil-borne pathogens, flooding or irrigation to water saturation, and plastic mulch to limit gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere for creating very intensive reductive status of the soil within short term (few days). The researches have demonstrated that the method controls a broad-spectrum of pests and is an effective alternative of chemical fumigation with gaseous pesticides, such as methyl bromide, to eliminate or reduce the population of fungal and bacterial pathogens and root-knot nematodes. The RSD method improves acidified and/or secondarily salinized soils as well. The development, mechanisms for suppressing soil-borne pathogens, remediating acidified or secondarily salinized soils, and factors influencing the effectiveness of the RSD method are reviewed and the application of the method is prospected in the paper.
Keywords:Reductive soil disinfestation  successive cropping obstacle  recycling use of organic wastes  mechanisms of action
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