玛纳斯河流域土壤类型空间分布格局分析

以玛纳斯河流域为例,运用G IS技术和景观生态学原理,对土壤类型空间分布格局进行了定量分析,得出以下结论:(1)玛纳斯河流域各土壤类型的分离度指数大多集中在0~3之间,各土壤类型的分布相对比较集中;(2)玛纳斯河流域土壤空间分形结构特征客观存在;(3)玛纳斯河流域各土壤类型的斑块形状复杂性差距较大。分维数最大的是草甸盐土,为1.709,土壤斑块的镶嵌结构最复杂。平均形状指数最大的是新积土,为3.684,土壤斑块的长短轴之比较大,斑块形状偏离正方形或圆形的程度较大;(4)玛纳斯河流域土壤类型多样性指数为3.037,均匀度指数为0.803,表明研究区内各土壤类型的异质性和多样性较高;(5)土壤类型的优势度指数为2.465,斑块密度指数为0.027,表明流域内的土壤是由半固定风沙土等少数几种土壤类型所控制。

Spatial distribution pattern of soil types in Manas River Basin

Take the Manas river basin as the example, use the GIS technology and the landscape ecology principle, we carry on the quantitative analysis to soil typespatial distribution pattern, some conclusion was reached: The soil type dissociation index of Manas river basin mostly concentrates between 0 and 3, all soil typedistribution is relatively quite centralized; The soil space fractal structure of Manas river basin existence objectively ; The various soil typemottling shape complex disparity of Manas river basin is big. The biggest fractal dimension is the meadow saline soil, which is 1.7091, that is to say the soil mottling mosaic is most complex. The biggest average form-exponent is the new fill, which is 3.684, that is to say the soil mottling long minor axis is quite big. It is been small humanity degree of disturbance. The mottling shape deviation square or the circular degree is big; The soil type multiple indices of Manas river basin is 3.0367, which indicates all soil type non-uniformity and the multiplicity is high in the research area, the uniformity index is 0.8027, which indicated that the distribution of various soil type is quite even.