丛枝菌根真菌在农业生产中的作用与调控

AM真菌在集约化作物生产体系中的作用日益受到关注。最近10余年间有关AM真菌与植物相互作用的研究由温室、实验室模拟转向田间原位研究,在认识上取得了很大的进展。通过对相关的理论和应用基础研究结果的分析,认为菌根生物技术的应用不仅包括菌剂的生产和施用技术,而且还要包括土著AM真菌群落繁殖体数量和活性的调节技术;通过轮作和间作、少耕或者免耕、使用根际化学信号物质能够在一定程度上有效发挥土著AM真菌群落的作用;充分认识AM真菌群落的时空变化与生态功能的关系可能是今后研究的重点;此外,通过与育种家结合,培育在高肥力土壤上积极响应AM真菌的作物高产品种可能是未来提高土壤养分资源高效利用的有效途径之一。

Functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture and their manipulation

The function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in intensified farming system has attracted broad attention. In last ten years, research on the interactions of AMF and plants has switched from controlled laboratory studies to in-situ studies under field conditions, and great progress has thus been achieved. Based on numerous results from theoretical and applied research studies, we conclude that the application of mycorrhizal technology not only includes the production of AMF inoculum and its application technique, but also should take the amount and activity of indigenous AMF propagule into account. Agricultural practices such as crop rotation and intercropping, less or no tillage, or application of rhizosphere chemical signaling substances could stimulate the function of indigenous AMF to some extent. Future studies should focus on the spatial and temporal distribution dynamics of indigenous AMF and its relations to the ecosystem function. Breeding high yield crop cultivars or varieties which are highly responsive to AMF under high soil fertility conditions could be one effective approach to increase the use efficiency of soil resources in the future.