不同作物间作对黄瓜病害及土壤微生物群落多样性的影响

分别采用RAPD和T-RFLP技术,研究了小麦、毛苕子和三叶草分别与黄瓜间作对黄瓜病害、黄瓜根际土壤微生物群落多样性和黄瓜产量的影响。结果表明,小麦、毛苕子与黄瓜间作均能提高黄瓜根际土壤微生物群落多样性,其中,小麦-黄瓜间作对黄瓜根际土壤微生物群落多样性的影响最为突出;3种作物分别与黄瓜间作均显著提高了黄瓜产量(p<0.01),其中小麦-黄瓜间作的产量优势最强;同时,3种作物分别与黄瓜间作均降低了黄瓜角斑病、白粉病、霜霉病和枯萎病的病情指数和尖孢镰刀菌的数量。间作有利于提高土壤微生物群落的多样性、减轻病害、提高黄瓜产量。

Effect of intercropping of cucumber with different crops on cucumber diseases and soil microbial community diversity

Plenty of reports about effects of intercropping improving yield and reducing disease incidence are available, but little was reported about the mechanism of the effects. RAPD and T-RFLP methods were used to study effects of intercropping of cucumber with wheat, vicia villosa and clover, individually, on cucumber disease indexes, cucumber rhizosphere soil microbial community diversity and yield. Results showed that intercropping of cucumber with wheat and vicia villosa increased soil microbial community diversity in cucumber rhizosphere, and the effect of the latter was the most prominent. All intercropping modes increased cucumber yield significantly (p< 0.01), and the effect of the intercropping of cucumber with wheat was more significant over that of the others. Meanwhile, intercropping decreased disease indexes of angular leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew and Fusarium wilt, and decreased population of Fusarium oxysporum no matter with what plant. So it is quite obvious that intercropping increasees soil microbial community diversity and yield of cucumber, but mitigates diseases.