封丘地区粮食生产水分利用效率历史演变及其潜力分析

通过对封丘县历年粮食产量、降水量、引黄灌溉水量、地下水补给量等资料计算 ,初步估算出封丘地区粮食生产水分利用效率。研究表明 ,几十年来由于技术进步 ,本地区粮食生产水分利用效率由 2 2 5逐步上升到 9 0 0kghm- 2 mm- 1 左右。兴修水利、土壤改良、新品种的推广 ,尤其是N、P化肥用量的增加 ,对水分利用效率的增加起了决定性的作用。作者认为提高肥料用量 (特别在秋粮生产上 ) ,对进一步提高水分利用率仍有一定作用。随着社会经济技术水平的提高 ,覆膜、滴灌等先进技术应稳步地示范推广。

DEVELOPMENT OF CROP YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN FENGQIU COUNTY, CHINA

The change of water use efficiency over the years was calculated from the long term data of crop yields, precipitation, the amount of irrigation water diverted from the Yellow River or pumped wells and replenishing water from ground water in Fengqiu county. Results showed that water use efficiency in this county has enhanced steadily from 2.25 to more than 9.00 kg hm -2 mm -1 due to technological development. The increase of water use efficiency was mainly caused by the establishment of water conservancy facilities, soil improvement, extension of new crop varieties and continuously increasing application rates of N, P fertilizers. According to our studies, fertilizers had a great potential for the further increase of the efficiency of water use in Fengqiu county, especially for crops with growth period in autumn. With economic development, advanced technologies, such as plastic cover and trickle irrigation shall be steadily made popular.