垄沟耕作条件下滴灌冬小麦田间土壤水分的动态变化

试验在池栽条件下研究了滴灌与垄沟耕作条件下冬小麦田间土壤水分的动态变化。结果表明：滴灌对0～60cm土壤水分含量影响比较明显，由于受土壤蒸发和作物根系吸收水分的影响，0～30cm土壤水分含量在整个生育时期内变化最为剧烈，其次是30～60cm层次的土壤，90～120cm层次的土壤整个生育时期水分含量最为稳定。灌溉后土壤水分0～120cm土层中呈现“Z”型分布，且与垄作相比，灌溉对沟播处理各层次的影响更大。另外，通过对不同生育时期各个层次土壤水分含量的分析可以看出，冬小麦的灌浆期是其活跃的耗水期，其次是抽穗期。不灌溉处理的耗水深度主要集中在土壤下层，灌溉处理的耗水程度变化较复杂。与畦播处理相比较（见讨论部分），灌溉后沟播处理土壤水分上升最明显，垄作处理次之，畦播最小。灌溉一周后畦播土壤水分下降最快，垄作次之，沟播最小。而就灌溉后土壤水分运动而言，垄作与沟播处理快于畦播处理。

DYNAMIC CHANGES IN SOIL MOISTURE IN WINTER WHEAT FIELD UNDER CONDITIONS OF DRIP IRRIGATION,FURROW AND RIDGE PLANTING

An experiment was carried out to study changes in soil moisture in winter wheat field under the conditions of drip irrigation,furrow and ridge planting.Results show that drip irrigation had obvious effect on soil moisture content in the soil layer between 0 and 60 cm in depth.Because of soil evaporation and water absorption by plant roots,soil moisture content in the 0~30 cm soil layer changed the most drastically during the growing season,less in the 30~60 cm soil layer,and the least in the 90~120 cm soil layer.After irrigation,soil moisture in the 0~120 cm soil layer was distributed in a Z pattern.Drip irrigation showed greater effect on furrow planting than on ridge planting.Analysis of soil moisture content in every soil layer,demonstrated that the plant at the milking stage was the most water-consuming stage,and the tasselling stage came the next.Treatments without irrigation consumed the water in deeper soil layers.Soil moisture content in the ridge plant ing treatment was higher than in the furrow plant ing treatment.Compared with the flatten culture treatments,the furrow treatments increased the most in soil moisture content after irrigation,the ridge planting treatments came the next.One week after irrigation,soil moisture content dropped the most sharply in the flatten culture treatments,the next in the ridge planting treatments,and the least in the furrow planting treatments.As for soil water movement after irrigation,it was faster in the ridge planting and furrow planting treatments than in the flatten culture treatments.