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咸水结冰灌溉下覆膜时间对滨海盐土水盐运移的影响
引用本文:郭 凯,张秀梅,刘小京.咸水结冰灌溉下覆膜时间对滨海盐土水盐运移的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(5):1202-1212.
作者姓名:郭 凯  张秀梅  刘小京
作者单位:中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)
摘    要:连续三年对滨海盐土进行咸水结冰灌溉和地膜覆盖基础上的水盐动态监测,并针对不同地膜覆盖时期,设置了结冰灌溉条件下融冰入渗后覆膜(MI)、播种覆膜(SI)和不覆膜(NI),以及灌前秋季覆膜(不结冰灌溉AN)和对照(不结冰灌溉不覆膜CK)五个处理,以研究咸水结冰灌溉条件下土壤水盐动态规律,以及覆膜时期对土壤水盐动态和棉花生长的影响。结果表明:咸水结冰灌溉后,随着咸水冰层的融化,地表冰层含盐量和SAR(钠吸附比)均逐渐降低,含盐量和SAR由最初的12.15g?L-1和18.7降低到入渗完成后时0.03g?L-1和1.07。三年咸水结冰灌溉和地膜覆盖的地块在相同时期和土壤深度(0-20cm)的土壤含盐量逐年降低,2006-2008年冬季灌前土壤表层盐分含量分别为19.8g?kg-1、15.4g?kg-1和12.4g?kg-1。融水入渗后土壤返盐迅速,在入渗后9天前进行地膜覆盖效果较好。咸水结冰灌溉下融冰入渗后进行地膜覆盖依然是效果最好,其棉花出苗率和籽棉产量也最高,为63.78%和3226.2kg?hm-2,其次为秋季覆膜、播种覆膜、不覆膜和对照。在三年进行结冰灌溉的基础上,尽管第四年没有进行结冰灌溉,秋季进行覆膜依然可获得较高的产量,其棉花出苗率和产量为59.63%和2695.65 kg?hm-2。即使连续进行了三年的结冰灌溉,如果没有覆膜措施或覆膜较晚的地块,依然不能获得理想的产量。

关 键 词:咸水结冰灌溉  覆膜时期  水盐动态
收稿时间:2013/4/22 0:00:00
修稿时间:2013/12/13 0:00:00

Effect of timing of plastic film mulching on water and salt movements in coastal saline soil under freezing saline water irrigation
Guo Kai,Zhang Xiumei and Liu Xiaojing.Effect of timing of plastic film mulching on water and salt movements in coastal saline soil under freezing saline water irrigation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(5):1202-1212.
Authors:Guo Kai  Zhang Xiumei and Liu Xiaojing
Institution:Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract:Based on the investigation of soil salt and water dynamic under three years freezing saline water irrigation combines with plastic film mulching to the coastal saline soil, An experiment was conducted to investigate the soil water and salt dynamic and the growth of cotton under five treatments with different film mulching time that melted water completely infiltration (MI), period of cotton sowing (SI), no mulching (NI) under saline ice water irrigation, and mulching in autumn under no saline ice water irrigation (AN), and CK (no saline ice water irrigation and no mulching). Result showed that the salt content and SAR (soil adsorption ratio) of residue ice in topsoil reduce gradually with saline ice melting. The salt contents and SAR reduced from 12.15g?L-1 and 18.7 to 0.03g?L-1 and 1.07 respectively. The soil salt content of the same period and soil layer decreased year after year under three years saline ice water irrigation and film mulching, the soil salt contents of top soil (0-20cm) was 19.8g?kg-1, 15.4g?kg-1 and 12.4g?kg-1 in winter of 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. The soil salinization speed was fast after melted water complete infiltration, The deadline to mulch the film is about 9 days after melted water infiltration. The treatment of MI still gained best effect to keeping lower salinity and higher moisture condition of soil, and the germinations with 63.78% and yields with 3226.2kg.hm-2. The second treatment gained better soil moisture and salinity was AN, and then the treatment of SI, NI and CK. Expect for the treatment of MI, and the treatment of AN also obtained higher germination with 59.63% and yield with 2695.65kg.hm-2, although it was not irrigated with the saline ice water in fourth year.
Keywords:freezing  saline water  irrigation  mulching  time  soil  water and  salt dynamic
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