长期施用有机肥对红壤旱地土壤线虫群落的影响

基于红壤旱地(玉米)的长期施肥试验,研究长期施用有机肥对土壤线虫分布特征及群落结构的影响。田间试验处理包括:CK(对照)、ON1(低量有机肥)、ON2(高量有机肥)和ON2L(高量改良有机肥)。结果表明,施肥8a后,红壤旱地中共鉴定出15科、29属土壤线虫,包括8属植物寄生线虫、9属食细菌线虫、3属食真菌性线虫和9属捕食杂食性线虫,短体属(Pratylenchus)、小杆属(Rhabditis)和原杆属(Pro-torhabditis)为优势属。不同施肥处理中,土壤线虫总数的大小顺序为ON2>ON1>ON2L>CK。线虫群落生态指数对于施用有机肥有不同的响应:除SI外,其他虫群落生态指数均有显著差异,通过线虫群落结构的变化很好地反映了土壤的肥力变化状况,土壤线虫可以作为施有机肥过程中指示土壤健康质量的一个重要的生物学指标。

Responses of soil nematode community to long-term application of organic manure in upland red soil

Based on the long-term experiment carried out in an upland field of red soil, the impacts of long-term application of organic manure on distribution and community structure of soil nematodes were studied. The long-term organic manure application experiment was designed to have four treatments: CK (no pig manure); ON1 (low amount of pig manure); ON2 (high amount of pig manure); ON2L (high amount of pig manure with lime). A total of 15 families and 29 genera of soil nematodes were identified in the upland field, including 8 genera of plant-parasites, 9 genera of bacterivores, 3 genera of fungivores and 9 genera of predators/omnivores, of which Pratylenchus, Rhabditis and Protorhabditis were found to be the dominant genera. The four treatments followed a decreasing order of ON2 > ON1> ON2L > CK in total nematode number. The soil nematode community responded differently to the treatments in all the ecological indices except for SI, which suggests that changes in soil nematode community structure may be used as an indicator of variation of soil fertility and considered an important bioindicator of soil health quality.