人工模拟污水净化系统去除生活污水氮、磷效果的比较研究

在温室内,分别以炉渣、沸石和土壤为湿地基质,水芹(Oenanthe javanica)、黑麦草(Lolium mut-liflorum)和香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)为植被构建了模拟人工湿地和无基质的浮床植物系统处理生活污水,比较研究了不同污水净化系统去除氮、磷的效果。结果表明,在较低氮、磷负荷和水力停留时间为6 d的条件下,炉渣、沸石和土壤基质人工湿地系统对生活污水中的全氮(TN)、NH4+-N和全磷(TP)均表现出很好的净化效果,平均去除率均在91.0%以上;对NO3--N的去除率较低,为58.0%~85.5%。浮床系统因承受较高的负荷,对TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N和TP的去除率均明显低于各基质湿地。而从污染负荷的去除率来看,土壤基质湿地对TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N和TP的负荷去除率低于炉渣和沸石基质湿地;浮床各系统NO3--N负荷去除率的负增加使TN的负荷去除率降低,但其NH4+-N的负荷去除率均高于各湿地系统;浮床水芹和黑麦草系统的TP负荷去除率也高于各湿地系统。植物种类不同,其吸收N、P的能力存在很大差异。以黑麦草为植被的人工湿地和浮床系统,植物的吸收作用是各系统去氮除磷的主要机制;水芹和香根草吸收的氮、磷总量在人工湿地中远小于黑麦草,其吸收作用仅是各湿地系统去除氮、磷的一个途径;而水芹和香根草对磷的吸收则是浮床系统除磷的主要机制。

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF SIMULATED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS REMOVING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM DOMESTIC SEWAGE

In greenhouse,three different simulated constructed wetland systems were built up with slag,zeolite and paddy soil,respectively, as substrate,and with Oenanthe javanica,Lolium mutliflorum and Vetiveria zizanioides,respectively,as vegetation.Efficiencies of the three wetland systems removing nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic sewage were studied as compared with that of the floating-bed plant system(no substrate).Results showed that when nitrogen and phosphorus load was low and the hydraulic retention tim...