铁/锰氧化菌诱导土壤重金属生物成矿研究进展

综述了铁锰氧化菌诱导成矿对重金属环境行为的影响，分别从铁/锰氧化菌与生物成矿、铁/锰氧化菌诱导铁锰氧化物沉淀耦合重金属稳定化以及铁锰氧化物对土壤中重金属的作用方面进行阐述；并从铁/锰氧化菌生物成矿方式、铁/锰氧化菌诱导生物成矿过程对土壤重金属的稳定化机制等方面进一步总结了铁/锰氧化菌在不同重金属生物成矿修复中的应用，以及微生物诱导成矿过程的调控因素，分析胞外聚合物、温度与酸碱度、共存离子和其他因素对成矿过程的影响，以期为微生物诱导成矿修复重金属污染提供理论参考。未来工作可进一步关注生成矿物稳定重金属的长效性，不同微生物菌群组合对成矿效果的调控，以及铁/锰氧化菌在重金属复合污染场地土壤修复中的应用等方面。

Research Progress of Heavy Metal Biomineralization Induced by Iron and Manganese-Oxidizing Bacteria in Soils

The effects of iron-manganese oxidizing bacteria-induced mineralization on the environmental behavior of heavy metals were reviewed, including iron/manganese-oxidizing bacteria and biomineralization, iron/manganese-oxidizing bacteria-induced iron-manganese oxide precipitation coupled with heavy metal stabilization, and the effect of iron-manganese oxide on heavy metals in soils. The application of iron/manganese-oxidizing bacteria in the bioremediation of different heavy metals was further summarized from the aspects of the biological mineralization pattern of iron/manganese-oxidizing bacteria (direct or indirect catalytic mineralization of iron oxide protein/enzyme, dual electron transfer reaction of manganese oxidase dominated by polycopper oxidase and the mineralization induced by external factors), heavy metal stabilization mechanisms of iron/manganese-oxidizing bacteria biological mineralization in soils (precipitation/coprecipitation, adsorption/complexation and redox). The effects of extracellular polymers, temperature and pH, coexisting ions and other factors on the mineralization process were also analyzed, in order to provide theoretical references for microbial-induced mineralization to remediate heavy metal pollution. Future work should focus on the long-term stability of heavy metals generated by minerals, the regulation of different microbial species combinations on mineralization, and the application of iron/manganese-oxidizing bacteria in the remediation of soil multi-heavy metal contaminated sites.