稳定同位素示踪土壤中重金属环境行为的研究进展

随随着以多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）为代表的高精度质谱分析技术的革命性突破，稳定同位素的研究取得了跨越式发展。重金属稳定同位素成为了示踪土壤环境介质中重金属地球化学循环的有效工具，在识别污染来源、解析关键过程、跟踪环境行为等方面展现出极大的应用潜力。从同位素基本概念出发，系统介绍了利用重金属稳定同位素示踪土壤环境重金属污染的来源与归趋、土壤-植物体系重金属元素的迁移转化以及金属纳米颗粒的环境过程等方面的研究进展，并进一步总结了氧化还原、沉淀溶解、吸附解吸、络合反应、生物作用等影响重金属稳定同位素分馏的相关机制，最后针对当前应用和研究现状，提出了拓展稳定同位素示踪重金属环境行为的潜在研究方向和研究内容，对土壤重金属污染防治及修复具有重要的指导意义。

Research Progress on the Environmental Behavior of Heavy Metals in Soil Tracing by Stable Isotopes

With the revolutionary breakthrough of high-precision mass spectrometry represented by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), the research on stable isotopes has been developed by leaps and bounds. Heavy metal stable isotopes have become an effective tool to trace the circulation of heavy metals in soils, showing great application potential in identifying pollution sources, analyzing key processes, and tracking environmental behaviors. Based on the basic concept of isotopes, this paper systematically introduces the applications in using heavy metal stable isotopes to trace the source and fate of heavy metals in the soil environment, the transport and transformation of heavy metals in soil-plant system, and the environmental behaviors of metal nanoparticles. Processes influencing heavy metal stable isotope fractionation, such as redox, precipitation, dissolution, adsorption and desorption, complexation reaction, and biological action, are further summarized. Finally, the research outlook for the applications of tracing heavy metal environmental behavior by heavy metal stable isotopes is proposed, which plays a significantly important role in the prevention, control, and remediation of metal contamination in soil.