长江三峡库区土壤动物群落结构初步研究

于长江三峡大坝工程开工前的1998年,对三峡库区几个地点（秭归、万县、神农架）不同海拔和生境下的土壤动物群落进行了调查研究.研究表明,整个地区不同生境中土壤动物的优势类群为线虫;常见类群有螨、弹尾目、线蚓、熊虫和猛水蚤目等;同一地点不同植被下,土壤动物类群之间存在着一定的相似性和差异.相关性检验表明：土壤节肢动物类群数与个体数之间的相关性受海拔、植被影响不大.研究还发现,生境条件（海拔、植被类型等）越优越,土壤动物的多样性指数越高.不同群落相似性比较显示,海拔相同、植被相近的群落相似性指数高.对线虫、螨类和弹尾目的数量差异分析表明,秭归地区三个类群受植被、海拔影响不大;万县地区海拔对蜱螨、弹尾目影响较大;神农架地区线虫分布受植被影响较大,螨类和弹尾目在不同植被和土层广布,而该地区枯枝落叶层中螨类数量随植被、海拔变化显著.

STUDIES ON SOIL ANIMAL COMMUNITIES IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR REGION

In this experiment carried out in 1998 when the Three Gorges Project was about to start,soil faunae in different habitats and at different altitudes were investigated in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,including Zigui County,Wanxian County and Shennongjia region.Results show that in the region,Nematoda was the predominant group,and Acarina,Collembola,Tardigrada and Harpacticoida were common groups.Soil faunae under different vegetations at the same location displayed certain similarity and difference as well.Correlation tests demonstrated that altitude and habitat had little effect on the correlation between the numbers of soil arthropod individuals and groups.It was also discovered that the lower the more favorable the habitat(altitude and vegetation),the higher the biodiversity index.Comparison between communities in similarity showed that fauna communities under similar vegetations at the same elevation were quite high in similarity.In Zigui Country,the numbers of Nematoda,Acarina and Collembola individuals were not much affected by habitat and elevation,while in Wanxian Country,the numbers of Acarina and Collembola were by elevation.In Shennongjia region,distribution of Nematoda varied significantly with vegetation.Acarina and Collembola were widely distributed in various soil layers under different vegetations,whereas the number of Acarina in the litter layer varied significantly with habitat and elevation.