水土流失定量遥感方法新进展及其在太湖流域的应用

本文介绍了水土流失定量遥感方法研究所取得的新进展及其在太湖流域的应用结果。显示出该法具有快速、准确、省钱和实用的特点。建成了可供长期使用的太湖流域苏皖区水土流失定量遥感监测系统 ,还有 1 996、1 997、1 999年的全区、分县市统计的土壤年流失量、侵蚀模数、流失强度等级面积、防治强度类型面积和相应最终成果图等。依据太湖流域苏皖区的监测结果 ,讨论了水土流失的空间和时间变化、应用领域等。土壤年流失量及流失面积的增减 ,与监测年的降雨侵蚀力R密切相关。凡土壤年流失量大的年份 ,次年很可能出现水质恶化和蓝藻爆发 ,表明监测结果将在太湖水质面源污染增量监测与治理中发挥应用价值。

THE PROGRESS OF QUANTITATIVE REMOTE SENSING METHOD FOR ANNUAL SOIL LOSSES AND ITS APPLICATION IN TAIHU-LAKE CATCHMENTS

Summary The advance of quantitative remote sensing for monitoring annual soil losses and its application in Taihu Lake catchments was introduced in this paper. The form of the model for monitoring soil losses in the method is as good as the RUSLE. The application results of modified method include not only the total losses of annual soil erosion, statistic data of different grades and soil erosion map and forecasting map of soil conservation intensity in 1996, 1997, 1999, but also monitoring system in long term. The monitoring results of Taihu Lake catchments application again showed that the QRSM is more accurate, more rapid and more economic than original QRSM in the applications Shandong province and Quanzhou city of Fujian province. The variance character of time, space of soil annual losses and the application spectrum of monitoring results, and the non point source pollution of water quality were discussed according to monitoring results in Taihu Lake catchments. With the work of monitoring soil losses in our country, the QRSM will be widely used in soil erosion region and shows its economic, ecological and social benefit.