半干旱地区海涂海水灌溉菊芋盐肥耦合效应的研究

在山东莱州海涂采用正交试验设计进行田间试验,研究了不同浓度海水灌溉下菊芋盐肥耦合效应。结果表明:(1)综合肥水情况下,在25%海水(W2)灌溉下菊芋块茎和地上部分生物产量与淡水处理(W1)没有显著差异,在50%(W3)和75%(W4)海水灌溉下产量均显著下降,与淡水比较,下降幅度达32%、76%和25%、60%;N3(150 kg hm-2)水平与N1(0 kg hm-2)水平相比,菊芋块茎产量可以显著提高77%,同样地上部分生物产量也提高了37%,而N4(225 kg hm-2)处理比在N3情况下低,但仍高于N2(75 kg hm-2)处理;P3(60 kg hm-2)水平与P1(0 kg hm-2)水平相比,菊芋块茎产量可以显著提高97%,同样地上部分生物产量也提高了39%,在P4(90 kg hm-2)处理下,菊芋块茎和地上部分生物产量分别比在P3处理下低19%和11%。(2)各浓度海水浇灌下,随着施氮、磷量的增加菊芋主茎普遍增长和增粗。(3)经过对海水与N肥及P肥的交互作用分析,可以看出W2N3和W2P3是优化组合;处理因子分析表明,影响菊芋产量的主要因素是不同浓度海水灌溉,N肥和P肥次之,其优化组合为W2N3P3。

COUPLING EFFECT OF SALT AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS IRRIGATED WITH SEAWATER IN SEMIARID REGION

Based on the orthogonal test design,a field experiment was carried out in mudflat along the coast of Laizhou,Shandong Province to study coupling effect of salt and fertilizer application on Helianthus tuberosus irrigated with seawater different in concentration. The results show: (1) When the fertilization rate remained the same,no significant difference in yield of tuber and aerial parts of the plant between Treatment W_(2) (25% seawater) and Treatment W_(1) (fresh water). Their yields,however, significantly declined by 32% and 76% and by 25% and 60% respectively when the irrigation water contained higher percentage of seawater,50% in Treatment W_(3) and 75% in Treatment W_(4). In the trials of N fertilization,comparison of Treatment (N_(3) (150 kg hm~(-2))) with Treatment N_(1 )(0 kg hm~(-2)) showed that the yields of the former were 77% and 37% higher than that of the latter,respectively,and the yields in Treatment N_(4) (225 kg hm~(-2)) were lower than in Treatment N_(3),but higher than in Treatment N_(2)(75 kg hm~(-2)). In the tests on P fertilization,the yields of tuber and aerial parts were respectively higher 97% and 39% in Treatment P_(3 )(60 kg hm~(-2)) than in Treatment P_(1) (0 kg hm~(-2)),and they were lower 19% and 11% lower,respectively,in Treatment P_(4) (90 kg hm~(-2)) than in Treatment P_(3)(60 kg hm~(-2)). (2) In all seawater treatments the Helianthus tuberosus' main stem got longer and thicker with the increase in N and P. (3) Analysis of the interactions of seawater,N and P showed that Treatments W_(2)N_(3) and W_(2)P_(3) were the optimal combinations. The main factor that affected the yields was seawater,and flowed by fertilizers of N and P. And the best combination was W_(2)N_(3)P_(3).