新形势下大豆产地土壤环境保护与功能提升的研发建议

大豆在我国农业和人体膳食结构中具有重要的不可替代性。本文系统梳理了影响大豆高产创建和品质安全的土壤环境与微生态障碍相关研究进展。文献计量结果表明,近20年国际研究热点主要聚焦于除草剂的土-水界面吸附与迁移过程、重金属污染的食物链安全风险、大豆生长与污染毒理、地下病害防治等方面,更多关注大豆抵抗污染胁迫和病害的逆境适应性生理调节机制,缺少对影响大豆生长和引起大豆减产的地下土壤过程的研究,中国对大豆产区的地下土壤环境过程与微生态效应的关注也较少。在国家粮食安全战略调整及农业供给侧结构性改革新形势下,围绕大豆产业研究的后续工作迫切需要有机结合粮食丰产增效和污染耕地安全利用攻坚战,注重从只聚焦土壤肥力、优化育种及栽培生理、追求大豆产量,向同时关注土壤安全与微生态健康、保障大豆质量安全、支撑大豆产业高质量绿色发展进行转变,开展协同大豆产地土壤健康与污染防控的高产创建系统研究,更加凸显产地土壤环境保护与功能提升在大豆绿色生产和高质量发展中的作用。

Proposals for Research on Protection and Functional Improvement of Soil Environment in Soybean Producing Area in Face of the New Situation

Soybean is an important crop of the agriculture in China, and its position of importance in the human diet structure of the country is irreplaceable in China. However, as a result of rapid development of the industry and agriculture, highly intensive anthropogenic utilization, improper agronomic cultivation and continuous input of external agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides, ecological balance and health of the soils in the soybean producing regions have been seriously disturbed, thus greatly restricting the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality soybean in China. Based on the core collection database of the Web of Science, and retrievals related to herbicides, heavy metals and soil-borne diseases in the soybean producing areas around the world from the literature, key words co-occurrence analysis was performed for the papers with the aid of VOSviewer visual analysis software; progresses in the research on factors and macro-control obstacles affecting the creation of a soil environment favorable to cultivation of high-yield and quality safe soybeans, were collaged; a comprehensive comparison was conducted between the Chinese scholars and the world"s in focus of their researches in this aspect for similarities and differences; and ranking of China in the world in this research field and its academic contribution was discussed. On such a basis, priorities of the researches in future related to technological systems and soil environment of the soybean production areas of the country were prospected. Results show that in the past 20 years, the hot spots of the researches the world over mainly concentrated on adsorption and transport processes of herbicides in soil-water interface, safety risk of heavy metal pollution in food chain, growth of soybean and pollution toxicology therein, and prevention and control of soil-borne diseases; and more attention was paid to mechanisms of physiological adaption of soybean in response to stress of pollution and diseases rather than to underground soil processes that might affect soybean growth and reduce soybean yield. In comparison, the researches in China had been carried out around mechanisms of accumulation and detoxification of heavy metals in soybean, remediation of heavy metal polluted soils, identification of pathogen strains and soybean resistance to soil-borne diseases. Although the academic achievements in China have gradually reached a level on a par with those of the world in the recent five years, they are not as systematic, showing an apparent gap, especially in the field of underground soil environmental processes and micro-ecological effects in soybean producing areas. Under the new situation of the nation adjusting its food security strategy and reforming its agricultural supply lateral structure, it is urgent for the nation to orient follow-up works of the researches around the soybean industry towards tackling the task of combining organically raising grain yields with adopting safe utilization of contaminated cultivated lands, to pay more attention to the expansion of the focus from merely on soil fertility, breeding optimization and yield increase, to on soil safety and micro-ecological health simultaneously while ensuring soybean quality and safety, so as to support high quality green development of the soybean industry, and to unfold researches on construction of a high yield creation system that harmonizes soil ecological health and pollution prevention of the soybean producing areas, and highlights the role of soil environmental protection and function improvement in green production and high-quality development of the soybean industry.