土壤环境中微塑料污染：来源、过程及风险

土壤环境中微塑料污染问题已成为全球关注的环境问题。相对于水环境,土壤环境中微塑料的研究明显滞后与缺乏。本文系统综述了土壤环境中微塑料的研究进展与未来需求。详细介绍了国内外土壤中微塑料的丰度和分布、微塑料的来源和进入途径;重点分析了微塑料在土壤中的积累、迁移、风化和降解过程,以及与金属和有机污染物的相互作用及其环境效应;阐述了微塑料对土壤中的动物、植物、微生物及土壤质量的影响与生态风险,探讨了土壤中微塑料的暴露途径与潜在的人体健康风险;并展望了土壤环境中微塑料研究的未来方向与重点。以期为全面了解土壤环境微塑料研究的现在与未来提供资讯信息和科学指导。

Microplastics contamination in soil environment: sources, processes and risks

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment. The pollution of microplastics has drawn much attention. At present, the research on microplastics in the terrestrial environment, especially in farmland soil, has not been widely carried out compared with marine and other aquatic environments. Presumably, microplastics in the terrestrial environment may be more polluted than the aquatic environment. This paper is to make a comprehensive and systematic review in the research progress and future demand of microplastics in the terrestrial environment. The accumulation and distribution of microplastics in the soil both in China and in other countries are introduced. The sources of microplastics into the terrestrial system are analysed, including residue of agricultural film, the application of sludge and organic manure, sewage irrigation, and surface runoff. Besides the interaction with pollutants, the processes of accumulation, migration, weathering, and degradation of microplastics in soil are sysmatically introduced. Moreover, this paper also reviews the progresses in impacts of microplastics on the soil physical and chemical properties, in threat of microplastics to the animals, plants, and microorganisms living in the soil and in potential risks of microplastics to human health via the respiratory exposure and food-chain transport. Finally, the paper puts forward the views and prospects of future research on microplastics in soil environment.