基于土壤系统分类的河南省土壤有机质时空变异研究

利用1982年河南省第二次土壤普查数据和2009年采样数据，采用传统统计学、地统计学和地理信息系统（GIS）的方法，在土壤系统分类的基础上，对产粮大省河南省土类土壤有机质（SOM）含量时空变异特征进行了分析研究，揭示了不同土类SOM时空变异规律，并分析讨论了影响其时空变异的主要原因，对河南省不同土壤类型的合理施肥与养分调控具有指导和借鉴意义。结果表明：从1982年到2009年，河南省SOM含量均值由12.21g kg-1增加至16.02 g kg-1，增加了31.70%，变异系数分别为67.90%和35.52%。两个时期SOM变异函数均符合球状模型，块金效应值由56.10%变为60.18%，变程由569.05km变为547.22km，SOM含量空间自相关性变弱，自相关距离减小。河南省SOM自西向东逐渐增加，平原地区增加较多，而河南省南部、偏北部和西部山区地区有所减少；系统分类中的底锈干润雏形土、淡色潮湿雏形土、灌淤旱耕人为土、干润冲积新成土、干润砂质新成土、简育湿润变性土、简育湿润雏形土SOM平均含量从1982年到2009年有较大的提高，分别提高了5.76g kg-1、5.61g kg-1、5.56g kg-1、5.47g kg-1、5.42g kg-1、4.99g kg-1、3.05g kg-1，而湿润正常新成土和干润正常新成土SOM含量有所降低，分别降低了2.47g kg-1和1.90g kg-1。因成土母质、气候条件、土壤质地、土地利用方式和人为活动的影响使得河南省不同土类的SOM出现时间和空间上的差异。SOM含量增加的土类主要分布在平原耕地地区，秸秆还田以及有机肥的施入，使该区域SOM含量有较大程度的提高。

Analysis on spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter in Henan Province based on soil taxonomy

The object of this paper is to explain the spatial and temporal changes of soil organic matter (SOM) of Henan Province which is big province of producing grain. The paper elaborated the spatial and temporal variability of SOM content based on soil taxonomy in Henan Province in 1982 and 2009, using traditional statistics, geostatistics and GIS, and discussed the main reasons of the changes, which can be a guidance and reference to rational fertilization and nutrient regulation of Henan Province. The data of 1982 was from the Second National Soil Survey, and the data of 2009 was from field collecting. The results show that, the mean SOM content increased from 12.21 g kg-1 in 1982 to 16.02 g kg-1 in 2009, increasing by 15.67%, and its coefficient of variation decreased from 67.90% to 35.52%. The variograms of SOM of the years both fitted the spherical model, with nugget coefficient decreased from 56.10% to 60.18% and the range decreaced from 569.05km to 547.22km, suggesting the effect of stochastic variability of SOM content intensified and spatial autocorrelation weakened. A general trend was observed that the content of SOM of the province was increasing from the west to the east, which increasing most was the plain areas, while the content of SOM of the mountainous regions which were distributed in the west, north and south was decreasing. For the taxonomy, the content of SOM of Endorusti-Ustic Cambosols, Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, Irrigation-Orthic Anthrosols, Ustic-Alluvic Primosols, Ustic-Sandic Primosols, Hapli-Udic Vertosols and Hapli-Udic Cambosols was increasing, with the data repectively of 5.76g kg-1, 5.61g kg-1, 5.56g kg-1, 5.47g kg-1, 5.42g kg-1, 4.99g kg-1 and 3.05g kg-1. While the content of SOM of Ustic-Orthic Primosols and Hapli-Orthic Primosols was declined with the data of 2.47g kg-1 and 1.90g kg-1. The main reasons of the spatial and temporal variance of SOM of different groups might be the parent material, climate, soil texture, land use type and human activity. The group of taxonomy which the content of SOM was increasing were main distributed in cultivated land of plain, whose content of SOM increased to a large extent was mianly attributed to the practices of mulching and organic manure application.