高度集约农业利用导致的土壤退化及其生态环境效应

集约化农业对保障我国粮食安全发挥了巨大的作用，但其长期的土地高强度利用和农用化学品过量投入的负面影响也日益显现，导致的以土壤养分失衡、土壤酸化、有害物质积累、生物多样性衰退等为主要表现形式的土壤物理、化学和生物学退化，给生态系统本身与环境都带来了巨大压力和严重威胁。在长期保持高强度利用和过量农用化学品投入的情况下，以非线性响应为特征的土壤生态系统特性有可能出现突变状态，并引起更大的环境风险。目前，应当高度重视集约农业利用下土壤退化的形成与演变机理、时空分异规律、以及土壤退化的控制和退化土壤的恢复重建措施的研究。

SOIL DEGRADATION AND ITS ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT UNDER HIGHLY-INTENSIFIED AGRICULTURE

Agricultural intensification plays an important role in stabilizing the food production in China, while bringing about an increasing negative impact on the soil and eco-environment as a result of the long-term highly-intensive land use and agricultural chemical overuse, thus leading to degradation of soil physical, chemical and biological properties, which are demonstrated as soil nutrient imbalance, soil acidification, pollutant accumulation, and biodiversity deterioration and posing serious stress and threat to the ecosystem per se and the environment. Under such an impact, the properties of the soil ecosystem characterized by nonlinear responses to forced conditions may show a tendency of catastrophe and trigger a more serious environmental risk. Recently, more attention has been given to researches on mechanisms of the formation and evolution, and spatio-temporal variation of soil degradation under highly-intensified agriculture, and countermeasures for its control and rehabilitation of degraded soil.