不同耕作方式对豫西旱区坡耕地水肥利用与流失的影响

为筛选适宜豫西早坡地应用的耕作技术，对深松覆盖、免耕覆盖、一次深翻和传统耕作等4种耕作方式的土壤水分、养分及其利用与流失情况进行了研究，结果表明：深松覆盖、免耕覆盖能提高土壤蓄水量，土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾含量明显高于传统耕作，特别是对上层土壤全氮及碱解氮和深层土壤的有效磷及速效钾的影响更为明显，并能有效地减少地表产流次数和径流量，减少土壤养分的流失，提高水分利用效率和养分的生产效率，显著提高小麦产量。与传统耕作相比，深松覆盖和免耕覆盖水分利用效率提高16．37％和10．62％，氮素生产效率提高17．40％和10．27％，磷素生产效率提高19．80％和12．54％，钾素生产效率提高19．44％和12．19％，小麦产量提高23．22％和15．38％，经济效益提高29．36％和21．13％。

Effects of Different Tillage on Utilization and Run-Off of Water and Nutrient in Sloping Farmland of Yuxi Dryland Area

In order to filtrate the feasible tillage technology in sloping farmland of Yuxi dryland area,four tillages including reduce tillage,no-till,subsoiling tillage and conventional tillage were studied on the content of soil water and soil nutrient and its utilization and run off complexion.The results showed as following:with subsoiling tillage and no-till,the soil water storage were increased and the content of the soil organic quality,N,P and K content were evidently higher than conventional tillage,especially the effects of the whole N and alkali solution N in upper soil layer and the available P and soon effect K in deeper soil layer were more obvious,and the times and content of water run-off were reduced effectively,and soil nutrient run-off were reduced too.Therefore,the use efficiency of soil water and the production efficiency of soil nutrient can be improved after with subsoiling tillage and no-till.Compared with conventional tillage,the water use efficiency,the N,P,K production efficiency,the yield of winter wheat and the economic benefit increased by 16.37%,17.40%,19.80%, 19.44%,23.22% and 29.36% respectively after with subsoiling tillage and those items also improved by 10.62%,10.27%,12.54%,12.19%,15.38% and 21.13% after with no-till.