生物结皮土壤-水文-侵蚀效应研究进展

生物土壤结皮(简称生物结皮)是由隐花植物、微小生物和土壤表层颗粒胶结形成的一种特殊复合体,广泛分布于各类气候和生境条件。作为生态系统的重要组分,生物结皮在不同生物气候区土壤的生态过程、水文过程、生物过程、地球化学循环过程以及生态修复过程中发挥着重要作用。从生物结皮影响土壤物理、化学、生物学性质以及土壤水文与侵蚀过程等方面对其生态功能进行总结和概述,在此基础上,从研究区域和时空尺度、多过程耦合机制、生物结皮影响氮循环的过程及其对氮沉降的响应机制、生物结皮与维管植物空间分布及互动关系等方面,展望了该领域有待深化的问题及今后的发展方向,以期促进我国生物结皮相关研究工作,加深对生物结皮生态功能及地表过程的认识。

Advances in Soil-Hydrology-Erosion Effects of Biological Soil Crusts

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are special complexes composed of cryptogam, microorganism and soil fine particles bonded by their exuding mucilaginous material, which widely distributed in various climate and habitat conditions. As important components of ecosystem, BSCs play vital roles in soil ecological, hydrological, biological and geochemical processes as well as ecological restoration process. The paper reviewed the ecological functions of BSCs, mainly centering on the effects of BSCs on soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, and soil hydrological and erosional processes. Although much has been achieved, there are still many problems need to be deeply and systematically explored. The future studies may focus on the extension of the study region and spatial-temporal scale, multiprocess coupling mechanism, the process of BSCs influencing nitrogen cycle and its responding mechanism to nitrogen deposition, and the spatial distribution and interaction between vascular plants. The results can promote the correlational research on BSCs and deepen the understanding of BSCs ecological functions and earth surface processes.