准东地区土壤风蚀影响因子分析与风蚀量估算

为阐明准东地区土壤风蚀现状及影响因子,通过实地采样,结合气象、土地利用数据、DEM、遥感影像,从气候因子、地形因子、土壤因子以及植被盖度4个方面进行分析,利用GIS平台结合WEQ经验模型对各因子叠加计算的土壤风蚀状况进行分级,并对各侵蚀等级进行评价分析。结果表明:气候、土壤及植被盖度共同影响该区域的土壤风蚀状况。受各因子的影响,准东地区风蚀分级状况比较明显,侵蚀强度由南向北呈增强趋势,主要表现为重度侵蚀,占研究区面积的43.02%。该区域平均侵蚀模数为4 470.64t/(km2·a),风蚀量达9 969.53万t。为验证模型的准确性,利用137 Cs示踪法推算的风蚀模数与模型值进行对比,结果表明模型计算值与137 Cs示踪法估算值间的平均相对误差7.78%,证明该模型在研究区具有很好的适用性。

Impact Factors of Soil Wind Erosion and Estimation of Soil Loss in Zhundong, Xinjiang

To clarify wind erosion condition and impact factor, based on wind erosion theories and GIS technologies, this article selected opencast mine area of east Junggar Basin (Zhundong) as the study area, took the environment conditions of the study area into consideration, used field observation data and combined with meteorological data, the land use data, DEM, and remote sensing image to analyze the influence of soil wind erosion from 4 aspects: climate, soil, landform and vegetation coverage. In addition, the paper carried out a quantitative research on 4 impact factors, and used WEQ model in the study area with impact factors to evaluate and analyze the erosion grade. The results showed that: influenced by various factors, the wind erosion classification was obvious in study area, and erosion intensity showed a trend of increase from south to north. Severe erosion was the main erosion degree, accounting for 43.02% of the area. The average erosion modulus was 4 470.64 t/(km2·a), with wind erosion amount reaching 99.695 3 million tons. In order to verify the accuracy of the models, 137Cs trace method was used to comparatively analyze the model value. The verification results showed that the average relative error between 137Cs tracer method and the model value was 7.78%, proving that the model in the study area had good applicability.