不同植被恢复策略对贵州喀斯特生态系统土壤渗透特性的影响

旨在探讨不同植被恢复策略对土壤入渗特征空间变化的影响，通过对贵州石漠化治理试验区自然草灌木混合林、次生林地、退耕自然生草地、芒果地、坚果地及玉米地的土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤有机质和土壤渗透特性的分析。结果表明：不同植被恢复策略下土壤容重、孔隙度和有机质含量存在显著差异，具体表现为自然植被恢复（草—灌木混合林和次生林地）和秸秆还田种植方式均能有效降低土壤容重，增加土壤孔隙度。随着土层深度增加，土壤容重呈增大趋势，土壤孔隙度和有机质含量变化趋势相反；植被恢复方式和土层深度显著改变了土壤的水分渗透特性，自然植被恢复（草—灌木混合林和次生林地）土壤渗透性能高于人工植被恢复（芒果地和坚果地），主要是因为自然植被恢复下土壤扰动小，植物根系和凋落物增加，从而改变土壤物理性质，降低土壤容重，提高土壤孔隙度的综合效益。随着土层深度增加，土壤稳渗速率和累积入渗量减小。通过测定不同植被恢复方式的土壤水文特征，为喀斯特地区植被恢复方式及土壤入渗性能评估提供科学依据。

Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Strategies on Soil Penetrability of Karst Ecosystem in Guizhou Province

In recent years, the influence of vegetation restoration on soil infiltration process in different ecosystems has been a hot topic. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of different vegetation restoration strategies on the spatial change of soil infiltration characteristics. Through the analysis of soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil organic matter, and soil penetrability characteristics of natural grass shrub mixed forest, secondary forest land, natural grassland, mango land, nut land, and corn land in the experimental area of rocky desertification control in Guizhou, the results showed that: For different vegetation restoration strategies, there are significant differences in soil bulk density, porosity, and organic matter content, which are manifested in natural vegetation restoration (grass shrub mixed forest and secondary forest land) and straw returning planting mode can effectively reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity. With the increase of soil depth, soil bulk density increased, soil porosity and organic matter content changed in the opposite direction. Different vegetation restoration methods and soil depth significantly changed the soil water permeability characteristics, among which, the soil permeability of natural vegetation restoration (grass shrub mixed forest and secondary forest land) was higher than that of artificial vegetation restoration (mango land and nut land), mainly because under the condition of nature vegetation restoration, soil disturbance was small, plant roots and litter increased, which changes the physical properties of soil, reduces soil bulk density, and improves the comprehensive benefits of soil porosity. With the increase of soil depth, steady infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration amount decreased. By measuring the soil hydrological characteristics of different vegetation restoration methods, we can provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of vegetation restoration methods and soil infiltration performance in karst areas.