河道生态护坡技术的水土保持效益研究

2004年春季在上海市浦东新区机场镇实施了河道生态护坡示范工程，主要采用了全系列生态护坡、土壤生物工程以及复合式生物稳定技术等3类生态护坡技术。护坡工程完成后，对生态护坡进行了连续3年（2004～2006年）的现场监测，以研究护坡工程的水土保持效益。杞柳枝、垂柳枝、结缕草等护坡植物生长良好，其新生枝叶和根系的水土保持效益明显，有效地控制了河岸土壤侵蚀，并为其他生物创造了稳定生境。本地草本植被逐渐得到恢复，物种数和盖度均增加，植物的水土保持效应增强。表层土壤和浅层土壤的抗剪强度测定结果显示生态护坡的土壤抗侵蚀性明显增强，3年中各类生态护坡均未出现明显的土壤侵蚀。

Study on Soil and Water Conservation Benefit of Ecological Protection of Riverbanks

This study was conducted in Shanghai to investigate the ecological slope protection techniques of rivers. In Spring of 2004, the demonstration projects of ecological riverbank protection were implemented in Airport Town, Pudong New District, including soil bioengineering, all-series vegetated protection, and combined biostabilization. In order to assess the soil and water conservation benefit of the protection projects, continuous ecological monitoring has been conducted from 2004 to 2006 after the projects were finished. The results indicated that the pioneer species such as Salisc suchowensis, Salisc babylonica, Zoysia sinica , are growing very well with strong root system and flourished branches, which help control soil erosion effectively and make stable habitats for other plants. In recent three years, the native plants have covered the whole ecological riverbanks and get significant soil and water conservation effects. The results of the soil strength testing indicated that soil anti-erodibility of ecoriverbanks is going up. The surface soil strength of all-series vegetated protection, live stakes and live fascines are increasing sharply. For brush mattress, the subsurface soil strength with a mean deepness of 15 cm is much higher than other eco-riverbanks and the un-covered control slopes. Soil erosion never occurred distinctly after the riverbank protecting projects were finished.